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Neuroanatomy > spinal cord anatomy and receptors > Flashcards

spinal cord anatomy and receptors Flashcards

1
Q

lumbar cistern clinical landmarks

A

L1-L2, S2-S3

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2
Q

lumbar puncture landmark

A

L3, S1

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3
Q

common vertebral injuries

A
  • impact to head = C1-C2, C4-C6

- industrial accidents = T1-L2

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4
Q

dermatome references (C2, C6, T4, T10, L3, S1)

A 
C2 - back of head
C6 - thumb and index finger
T4 - nipples
T10 - umbilicus
L3 - kneecap
S1 - pinky toe
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5
Q

if you cut the root….sensation? if you cut the peripheral nerve…?

A

root => don’t knock out all sensation

peripheral => knock out

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6
Q

sympathetic nerves

A
  1. exit from IML
  2. continue from sympathetic chain as splanchnic to prevertebral ganglion
  3. synapse to paravertebral ganglion
  4. white rami - myelinated; goes into paravertebral ganglion
  5. grey ramus - unmyelinated; goes out of paravertebral ganglion
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7
Q

dorsal funiculus

A
  • white matter
  • ascending axons from DCP
  • fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus
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8
Q

lateral funiculus

A

ascending and descending tracts

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9
Q

dorsolateral fasciculus

A
  • zone of lissauer
  • between lateral fasciculus and dorsal funinculus
  • sensory modulation
  • contains axons from substantia gelatinosa
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10
Q

substantia gelatinosa

A
  • present at all cord levels
  • sends axons to NP
  • receives dorsal root afferents
  • spinal trigeminal nucleus
  • pain reception
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11
Q

nucleus proprius

A
  • present at all cord levels
  • chief sensory nucleus
  • receives dorsal root afferents
  • project contralaterally as the STT
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12
Q

dorsal root afferents

A

lateral = lightly myelinated; GSA; ascends/descends in dorsolateral fasciculus

medial = much myelinated; sends to medulla; 2 point touch, proprioception, and muscle stretch

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13
Q

Nucleus Dorsalis/Clarke’s Nucleus

A
  • located from C8-L3
  • accessory cuneate nucleus of medulla
  • receives muscle afferents from spindles
  • projects ipsilaterally as DSCT
  • coordination, proprioception
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14
Q

intermediolateral nucleus (IML)

A
  • located lateral to CN at T1-L3
  • projects cholinergic sympathetic efferents
  • GVE
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15
Q

intermediomedial (IMM)

A
  • present at all levels
  • receives visceral afferents
  • projects to intermediolateral nucleus
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16
Q

medial and lateral motor neurons

A
  • largest in cervical/lumbosacral enlargements
  • alpha motor = cholinergic, LMN, final common pathway, innervate skeletal muscle
  • inhibitory GABA neurons
  • gamma motor neurons - innervate spindles
17
Q

ventral horn nuclei

A

receive input from descending tracts

project axons between cervical and lumbar levels

18
Q

phrenic nucleus

A

medial ventral horn at C3-C5

19
Q

spinal accessory nucleus

A

lateral ventral horn at C1-C6

20
Q

differences in spinal cord levels

A
  • gray matter increases at C8, L3, and S2 due to enlargements
  • ventral expansions at enlargements
21
Q

GSA

A

general somatic afferent

  • pain, vibration, proprioception, touch
  • dorsal horn
22
Q

GVA

A

general visceral afferent

  • pain, stretch
  • from gut
  • dorsal horn
23
Q

GVE

A

general visceral efferent

  • motor innervation to viscera, glands, and blood vessels
  • autonomics
  • lateral horn
24
Q

GSE

A

general somatic efferent

  • motor innervation to skeletal muscles
  • ventral horn
25
Q

SSA

A

special somatic afferent

  • vision
  • hearing
  • balance
26
Q

SVA

A

special visceral afferent

  • taste
  • smell
27
Q

SVE

A

special visceral efferent

  • motor innervation to branchial muscles (gills, mastication)
  • motor innervation to facial expression
28
Q

free nerve endings

A
  • nonencapsulated
  • slow adapting
  • pain/temp
  • deep skin/viscera
29
Q

merkel’s disk

A
  • nonencapsulated
  • slow adapting
  • touch
  • feet, hands, genitalia
30
Q

hair follicle

A
  • nonencapsulated
  • fast adapting
  • touch
31
Q

meissner’s corpuscle

A
  • sheath surrounding epithelial cells
  • encapsulated
  • fast adapting
  • 2 point discrimination
32
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A
  • afferent nerve ending surrounded by concentric circles of epithelial cells
  • encapsulated
  • fast adapting
  • vibration
33
Q

ruffini ending

A
  • encapsulated
  • slow adapting
  • stretch, pressure
34
Q

joint receptor

A
  • encapsulated
  • slow adapting
  • joint position
35
Q

neuromuscular spindle

A
  • encapsulated
  • slow adapting
  • stretch/length
  • important for proprioception
36
Q

golgi tendon organ

A
  • encapsulated
  • slow adapting
  • muscle tension
37
Q

muscle spindles vs GTOs

A
  • spindles fire when muscles are stretched

- GTOs fire when muscles are tense; during isometric contraction

38
Q

muscle reflex arc

A
  1. stretching alerts afferent neurons
  2. signal travels to dorsal horn
  3. signal travels to ventral horn
  4. alpha motor neuron signals muscle to shorten to resist overstretching
  5. muscle becomes saggy
  6. gamma motor neurons signal muscle to reset the spindle length

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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