Introduction to the Brain (table) Flashcards
precentral gyrus
brain region: frontal lobe
general functions: voluntary movement of muscles of body and head
associated disorders: loss of voluntary movement of body and head
premotor region
brain region: frontal lobe
general functions: aids and integrates voluntary movements of head
associated disorders: Apraxia (loss of ability to carry out complex movements of head and body)
frontal eye fields
brain region: frontal lobe
general functions: controls voluntary horizontal movement of eyes
associated disorders: loss of voluntary control of horizontal eye movement (eyes cannot deviate to side opposite of the lesion)
prefrontal cortex
brain region: frontal lobe
general functions: intellectual functions; affective processes
associated disorders: intellectual and emotional impairment
broca’s area
brain region: frontal lobe
general functions: regulates motor aspects of speech (speaking)
associated disorders: motor aphasia (cannot speak or write, but can still understand when written or spoken to)
postcentral gyrus
brain region: parietal lobe
general functions: conscious perception of sensation
associated disorders: loss of somatosensory perception
wernicke’s area
brain region: parietal lobe
general functions: reception of speech
associated disorders: receptive aphasia (cannot understand written, spoken, or tactile speech symbols)
superior parietal lobule
brain region: parietal lobe
general functions: integration of sensory and motor functions; programming mechanism for motor responses
associated disorders: posterior parietal syndrome; sensory neglect (inability to perceive stimuli on one side of the body); apraxia (difficulty planning movements to carry out simple commands; ex: cannot move lips to say something because message from brain to mouth is disrupted)
superior temporal gyrus
brain region: temporal lobe
general functions: auditory perception
associated disorders: loss of auditory perception
middle temporal gyrus
brain region: temporal lobe
general functions: detection of moving objects
associated disorders: loss of movement detection
inferior temporal gyrus
brain region: temporal lobe
general functions: recognition of faces
associated disorders: loss of facial recognition
upper and lower banks calcarine sulcus
brain region: occipital lobe
general functions: visual perception
associated disorders: partial or total loss of vision of the contralateral visual fields for both eyes;
lateral, 3rd, 4th ventricles and cerebral aqueduct
brain region: deep brain/ventricles
general function: flow of CSF throughout the CNS; source of electrolytes, neuroactive/metabolic products
associated disorders: hydrocephalus (build up of fluid)
basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substatia nigra)
brain region: basal ganglia
general function: regulation of motor functions associated with cerebral cortex
associated disorders: dyskinesia (impaired voluntary movement, ex: parkinson’s, huntington’s)
thalamic nuclei
brain region: diencephalon
general function: transmit signals from regions of the CNS to the cerebral cortex (sensory, motor, cognitive, affective)
associated disorders: disruption/loss of sensory, motor, and other functions
hypothalamic nuclei
brain region: diencephalon
general function: visceral (feeding, drinking, autonomic, endocrine, sexual, emotional)
associated disorders: disruption/loss/alterations in these functions
limbic structures (hippocampal formation, amygdala, septum pellucidum, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex)
brain region: limbic lobe
general function: modulation of hypothalamic function, regulation of emotional behavior, short term memory
associated disorders: temporal lobe epilepsy; loss of control of emotions; loss of short-term memory
cerebellar lobes (anterior, posterior, flocculonodular)
brain region: cerebellum
general function: integrates motor functions
associated disorders: loss of balance; ataxia; hypotonia; loss of coordination; movement disorders when attempting to produce a response
midbrain
brain region: brainstem
general function: transmission/regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions; CN3,4
associated disorders: sensory, motor, autonomic deficits; CN3, 4 deficits (oculomotor, trochlear)
pons
brain region: brainstem
general function: transmission/regulation of sensory, motor, autonomic; CN5, 6, 7 (trigeminal, abducens, facial)
associated disorders: deficits
medulla
brain region: brainstem
general function: sensory, motor, autonomics; CN8, 9, 10, 11 (acoustic, hypoglossal, vagus, spinal accessory)
associated disorders: deficits
