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Neuro > Spinal Cord Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Case of the jellyfish

A

–Has a neural net •Diffuse •Radial organization •Reflex Pathways

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2
Q

Case of the lamprey

A

–Has a nerve cord (iespinal cord) •Central •Segmented •Reflex Pathways, Conduit, Central Pattern Generators

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3
Q

Segmented

A

why you can move in multiple directions at once

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4
Q

Case of mammals

A

–Have Brain and Spinal Cord •Central •Spine and spinal cord are segmented and specialized •Reflex Pathways, Conduit, Central Pattern Generators

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5
Q

Reflex Pathways, Conduit, Central Pattern Generators

A

walking breathing, etc, things you dont have to think about

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6
Q

Spinal cord segments have distinct anatomical features

A

•Cervical enlargement •Lumbosacral enlargement •Peripheral organization •Conusmedullaris, cauda equina, filumterminale

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7
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

reason for enlargement is bc of our hands and feet, more neurons also, white matter serves as conduit so axons in cervical cord have the axons that go all the way down to the bottom

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8
Q

Conus medullaris

A

between l1-l2, goes down to s5

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9
Q

cauda equina

A

horses tail

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10
Q

filum terminale

A

ligament, can cause tethered cord system, cause back pain, pelvic floor function and incontinence

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11
Q

Gray matter

A

dendrites, cell bodies, and axon terminals –Located in dorsal and ventral horns

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12
Q

White matter

A

myelinatedaxonsof ascending and descending information

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13
Q

MS

A

starts with spinal cord, macros around peripheral white matter

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14
Q

lissuaers tract

A

this tract has unmyelinated axons in it, how pain info gets into spinal cord

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15
Q

somatosensory small fibers

A

go to dorsal horn and synapse related to pain takes longe rto turn on and off

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16
Q

somatosensory fat axons

A

nonpainful and mechanoreception faster

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17
Q

sensory

A

demratome

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18
Q

motor

A

myotome

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19
Q

brachial plexus sections

A

randy - roots travis - trunks drinks - divisions cold - cords beer -

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20
Q

why sensory doesn’t match myotome

A

plexus that mix nerves up

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21
Q

cervical cross section

A

a lot of white matter dorsal horns are skinny thicker looks like lower medulla

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22
Q

lumbar

A

big cord a lot of gray matter toward bottom big ventral

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23
Q

thoracic

A

a lot of white matter both horns smaller skinny imll

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24
Q

sacral

A

mostly gray matter skinnier than lumbar big ventral and dorsal horn

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25
Q

white rami

A

carry sympathetic info from the lateral horn of the spinal cord to the ganglia.

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26
Q

gray rami

A

ramicarry sympathetic info from the ganglia to viscera

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27
Q

chiari type I

A

cerebellum drooping down teeny hole (central canal) trying to let all the csf down because there is pressure so it creates a fluid filled sac called spherinx and it presses against horns on both sides and you get seringromylia…..weakness, paralysis, diminished snese or hyper sense and in a lot of pain

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28
Q

lumbar puncture

A

nerves lfoating in water, the displacement causes it to float up and it moves, terrible injector can cause problems

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29
Q

afferent tracts

A

all sensory going up, fat fibers go posterior funiculi, thin fibers go into dorsal horn

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30
Q

primary neuron

A

neuorn coming from dorsal root ganlia has a psuedounipolra axon, transduces signal from periphery insto electrochemical that the neuron can interpret and then shares it

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31
Q

secondary

A

number 2 in chain

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32
Q

motor neurons

A

ventral horn and root - motor neuron

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33
Q

lmn

A

a neuron directly innervating muscle basic weakness

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34
Q

umn

A

a neuron in a series of neurons in the brain that will innervate a LMN spasticity

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35
Q

Renshaw cells

A

provide negative feedback on LMNs at level of spinal cord •Constant inhibition •Glycinergic –Large amounts in jaw and facial musculature •Blocked by strychnine –Convulsions

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36
Q

renshaw cells secrete

A

glycine

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37
Q

interneurons

A

constant twerking to enhance signal

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38
Q

propriospinal

A

sub class of interneuron, sits between border of white and gray matter connect diff levels on interneurons to each other tracer to figure out where all fibers that uptake….

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39
Q

rexed lamina

A

represent histologically and morphologically similar groups of neurons in the gray matter •10 layers

40
Q

lamina I

A

marginal zone - pain fibers

41
Q

lamina II

A

substantia gelitinosa of rolando - pain a lot of converging input to let you know if you should ignore pain

42
Q

lamina III-IV

A

nucleus proprius - mechanoreceptive

43
Q

lamina V

A

mix of pain, temp, and itch, no special name

44
Q

lamina VI

A

pain, mchanoreceptive and proprioreceptive

45
Q

Lamina overview

A

1-6 are dorsal horn, 7-10 are ventral horn layer 10 dont worry it is right around central canal, will go with cerebralmalinga

46
Q

mechanoreceptive

A

light touch and 2 point discrimination

47
Q

nucleus proprius

A

lamina 3 and 4

48
Q

lamina VII

A

big thoracic cord imll sacral cord autonomic nucleus of sacral cord (para) propriorective synapses clarks nucleus - proprioreceptive nucleus

49
Q

Lamina VIII and IX

A

8 and 9 are related lower motor neurons make ventral horn motrom horne 8 proximal muscles (trunk) 9 is distal muscles (extremities)

50
Q

lower motor neuron pools

A

a bunch of cell body pools, innervate the same muscles

51
Q

onuf’s nucleus

A

ventral horn of s2-s4 lamina 8 and 9 pudendal nerve

52
Q

Clarke’s nucleus

A

dorsal nucleus and clark somehow mixed

53
Q

accessory nucleus

A

upper cervical ventral horn lamina 9 sticks out and it is the spinal accessory nucleus traps and scm

54
Q

phrenic nucleus

A

c3-c5/6 innervate diaphragm

55
Q

nucleus caudalis

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus from brain stem down to c4? basis for cervicogenic headaches because it shares dorsal horn with all these cerical nerves, so you get pain in a demratone and interpret it as a headache

56
Q

IML

A

love handles T1-L2

57
Q

Somatotopic

A

flexors - dorsal extensors - ventral lateral to medial Hand>Forearm>arm>shoulder>trunk

58
Q

more neurons per unit area

A

smaller receptive field=more sensitive

59
Q

nociceptors

A

more dorsal bad noxious any type of irritation

60
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

touch

61
Q

proprioceptors

A

more ventral

62
Q

free nerve endings

A

most basic light touch temp pain chemical acidity cold capsacin have everything but nothing else can detect pain and temp

63
Q

merkels disk

A

unencapsulated two cell types together fine touch

64
Q

ruffinis corpuscle

A

encapsulated free nerve ending pressure

65
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A

vibration onion skin wrapped many times around free nerve ending

66
Q

meissners corpuscle

A

fine touch condensed free nerve ending encapsulated in dermal papillae

67
Q

different types of free nerve endings

A

•Nociceptoris umbrella term for “noxious” receptor •Thermal, mechanical, chemo •Silent/sleeping nociceptors •Polymodalnociceptors

68
Q

pain

A

psychological pheomenon in your head

69
Q

GTOs

A

cant detect if someone else raises up only detect if there is a strain gto causes you to drop weight sits at muscle and tendon intersection

70
Q

intrafusal fibers

A

passively contract muscle spindle sends signal out thatis interpreting change

71
Q

extrafusal fibers

A

contract

72
Q

nuclear chain

A

fibers have single row of nuclei in center of fiber only moves when muscle is moving

73
Q

nuclear bag

A

fibers have nuclei collected in bundle in center of fiber signals during moevment and when passive

74
Q

two types of bag fibers

A

one to signal staticmuscle length and one to signal changesin muscle length

75
Q

Type Ia

A

–Wrap around allspindle types at the center of spindle –Annulospiralendings –Provide info on length and velocity Fast

76
Q

type II

A

–Innervate nuclear chain and only STATIC nuclear bag fibers –Flower spray endings –Provide info only on length

77
Q

GTO sit at muscle-tendon junction

A

•GTOs are more responsive to active muscle stretch than muscle spindles •Use Ibaxons •Often used in negative feedback circuits

78
Q

A Fibers

A

Myelinated sensory and motor fibers, fastest Alpha Beta Gamma Delta •*In “A” fibers, the “A” is often omitted and only the greekletter is used to describe the subtype

79
Q

Alpha

A

fastest lower motor neurons extrafusal

80
Q

Beta

A

fibers from somatosensory receptors

81
Q

Delta

A

slowest of the A sharp pain cold

82
Q

B fibers

A

Myelinated visceral fibers preganglionic autonomic lightly myelinated

83
Q

C Fibers

A

unmyelinated fibers postganglionic autonomic slow pain heat itch slowest

84
Q

Another way to classify PNS axons, from largest to smallest

A

•I –Ia: Muscle Spindles –Ib: Golgi Tendon organs •II—Same as A-Beta or A-Gamma Fibers •III—Same as A-Delta or B Fibers •IV—Same as C Fibers

85
Q

myotactic reflex

A

works within spinal circuits

86
Q

Steps for myotactic reflex

A

descending facilitation and inhibition alpha motor neuron muscle force required to hold glass & disturbance (addition of liquid to glass) length change in muscle fiber spindle receptor increase spindle afferent discharge (positive on alpha motor neuron)

87
Q

more complex reflex arc: crossed extension reflex

A

Most of our activity is controlled by microcircuits that are activated in sequences both in the brain and spinal cord phillisons reflex: doing opposite things on each side

88
Q

locomotion and the spinal cord: central patter generators

A

reflex arc but do the same thing over and over

89
Q

fasciculus cuneatus

A

vibration and 2 point discriminations

90
Q

ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

carry unconscious proprioreception

91
Q

anterolateral system

A

pain heat itch

92
Q

fasciculus proprius

A

proprial spinal nerves complicated stuff happens

93
Q

lateral corticospinal tract

A

descending

94
Q

ascending and descending around spinal cord

A

ascending - around edges descending - middle

95
Q
A

clarkes nucleus

Neuro (10 decks)

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