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Neuroscience > Spinal Cord Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What areas are the spinal cord divided into

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

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2
Q

Why do the individual segments of spinal cord not lie within corresponding vertebra

A

Because the vertebral column grows fast than the spinal cord, therefore most spinal nerves pass caudally before leaving vertebral canal

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3
Q

What is the conus medullaris

A

caudal extent of the spinal cord

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4
Q

Where is the caudal extent of the spinal cord in dog, horse, pig and cat

A

Dog: L6-L7
Horse: S1
Pig: S3
Cat: S1

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5
Q

What does caudal equine mean

A

Horse tail is made up of nerve roots

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6
Q

What is filum terminale

A

Caudal extension of pia-arachnoid matter to attach to the dura mater

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7
Q

Describe the cervical spinal cord in the dog

A

C1-C8

Passage of fiber tracts, neck area is well innervated, supplies spinal component of CN11

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8
Q

What is the cervical enlargement

A

C6-T1/T2
Has as much white matter as regular cervical spinal cord, large grey matter though because of brachial plexus for forelimb

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9
Q

Describe the thoracic spinal cord

A

T1-T13
Reduction in ventral grey horn because fewer muscles to innervate in trunk
- lateral horn is for autonomic motor neuron

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10
Q

Describe lumbar spinal cord

A

L1-L7

  • larger with large grey matter because of hind limbs
  • lateral grey horn is the location of autonomic neuron cell bodies
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11
Q

What is the lumbrosacral enlargement

A

L3-S3

- large with a lot of grey matter because of lumbosacral plexus

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12
Q

Describe the sacral spinal cord

A

S1-S3

  • decrease in both grey and white matter because of termination of fibers in the lumbosacral enlargement
  • little innervation
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13
Q

Describe the coccygeal spinal cord

A

C1-C5

- small with little innervation

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14
Q

Where are autonomic neuron cell bodies located in spinal cord

A

Lateral grey horn

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15
Q

What is in the dorsal (posterior) grey horn

A

Sensory nerve fibers synapse with interneuron

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16
Q

What is in the ventral (anterior) grey horn

A

Two motor components of ventral root

  • alpha efferent is the somatic motor component
  • gamma efferent is smaller and goes out through the ventral root to go to the stretch receptor of muscle spindles
17
Q

Where is white matter in the spinal cord

A

Contained in posterior, lateral and anterior funiculi

18
Q

What are fasciculi

A

Specific functional groups within funiculi

19
Q

What two fasciculi are in the posterior funiculus

A

Medial –> fasciculus gracilis

Lateral –> fasciculus cuneatus

20
Q

What is fasciculus gracilis

A

Slender, lower part of body

21
Q

What is fasciculus cuneatus

A

Wedge-shaped, upper part of body

22
Q

What is carried by the fibers in fasciculi

A

Sensory modality of conscious proprioception
Ie. your feet on the ground and you know where it is, your position in space.
(Note: when you don’t want to think about this you turn it to your cerebellum for unconscious proprioception)

23
Q

What is white matter formed from and where is it in the cord

A

Formed from the marginal layer and occurs in the peripheral area of cord

24
Q

In what ways does the internal structure or cross section of the spinal cord vary from one area to another

A
  • diameter
  • relative amount of gray and white matter
  • size of ventral grey horn
25
Q

How does the cervical part of the spinal cord compare to other areas

A
  • largest in diameter
  • large amount of white matter (fiber tracts from brain to spinal cord and vice versa)
  • large amount of grey matter (neck is well innervated)
26
Q

How does the size of the grey matter in the cervical enlargement relate to the mass of muscles innervated

A

Direct relationship

27
Q

How does the thoracic part of the spinal cord compare to other areas

A
  • more circular in shape
  • reduced amount of grey matter, especially in ventral grey horn
  • intermediate/lateral grey horn
28
Q

How does the lumbar part of the spinal cord compare to other areas

A
  • larger than thoracic

- increase in amount of grey matter because larger muscle innervation

29
Q

What type of fiber is the spinal nerve

A

Mixed fiber

  • somatic afferent, visceral efferent
  • somatic efferent, visceral efferent
  • preganglionic fiber of ANS
30
Q

What is endoneurium

A

CT surrounding a single nerve fiber

31
Q

What is perineurium

A

CT surrounding a group of nerve fibers, could be afferent or efferent

32
Q

What is epineurium

A

Heavy CT surrounding several groups of nerve fibers

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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