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Neuroscience > Development of Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

TRI-LAMINAL DISC GIVES RISE TO WHICH 3 PRIMORDIAL GERM LAYERS

A

ECTODERM, MESODERM AND ENDODERM

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2
Q

HOW DOES THE NEURAL PLATE FORM

A

ECTODERM THICKENS ALONG MIDLINE

CELLS RAPIDLY PROLIFERATE TO FORM THE NEURAL PLATE

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3
Q

NEURAL GROOVE

A

NEURAL PLATE CONTINUES TO THICKEN, CELLS START TO DEPRESS TO FORM THE NEURAL GROOVE AS AN INVAGINATION

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4
Q

NEURAL FOLD CELLS

A

CELLS THAT ACCUMULATE SYMETRICALLY AND BILATERALLY ON EITHER SIDE OF NEURAL GROOVE

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5
Q

NEURAL TUBE AND NEURAL CANAL FORMATION

A

NEURAL GROOVE CONTINUES TO DEEPEN AND EVENTUALLY CLOSES

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6
Q

NEURAL TUBE DEVELOPS INTO WHAT

A

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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7
Q

NEURAL CANAL DEVELOPS INTO WHAT

A

VENTRICLE OF BRAIN AND CENTRAL CANAL OF SPINAL CORD

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8
Q

WHAT OCCURS AT THE MOST CRANIAL POINT OF THE NEURAL TUBE AS IT CONTINUES TO CLOSE

A

THREE DISTINCT EXPANSIONS

- primary brain vesicles called the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon.

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9
Q

WHAT DO THE LATERAL PROJECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL CANAL LANDMARK

A

CALLED SULCUS LIMITANS
EVERYTHING DORSAL IS ALAR PLATE (SENSORY)
EVERYTHING VENTRAL IS BASAL PLATE (MOTOR)

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10
Q

WHAT DOES SONIC HEDGEHOG DO

ASIDE FROM COLLECT RINGS

A

GENE THAT STIMULATES ARRANGEMENT OF ALAR PLATE AND BASAL PLATE BY AFFECTING THE PROTEIN THAT AFFECTS THEM

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11
Q

NEUROEPITHELIAL OR NEURECTODERMAL CELL

A

LINING OF WALL OF NEURAL TUBE
GERMINAL CELL LAYER
CELLS UNDERGO DIVISION TO FORM TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS PROXIMAL TO THE LUMEN

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12
Q

DAUGHTER CELLS OF THE NEUROEPITHELIA DIFFERENTIATE INTO

A

GERMINAL LAYER
MANTLE LAYER
MARGINAL LAYER

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13
Q

GERMINAL LAYER ( MOST INTERNAL)

A

FORM EPENDYMAL CELLS

ONE CELL LAYER THICK

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14
Q

MANTLE LAYER

A

DIFFERENTIATE INTO NEUROBLASTS AND SPONGIOBLASTS
FORMS GRAY MATTER OF SPINAL CORD, NUCLEI OF BRAIN STEM, NUCLEI AND CORTEX OF CEREBELLUM, BASAL NUCLEI AND CEREBRAL CORTEX

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15
Q

NEUROBLASTS

A

IMMATURE NEURONS THAT GROW EXTENSIVELY FORMING LONG PROCESSES AND BECOMING FUNCTIONAL NEURONS

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16
Q

SPONGIOBLASTS

A

PROGENITOR FOR NEUROGLIA

  • supporting cells of NS
  • astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
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17
Q

MARGINAL LAYER (MOST EXTERNAL)

A

COMPOSED OF GROWING AXONAL PROCESSES OF NEURONAL CELL BODY

AXONS MYELINATED TO FORM WHITE MATTER TRACKS

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE LATERAL ENLARGEMENTS THAT DEVELOP IN THE PROSENCEPHALON

A

OPTIC VESICLES WHICH GROW INTO OPTIC STALK AND OPTIC CUP

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19
Q

PROSENCEPHALON DEVELOPS INTO

A

TELENCEPHALON AND DIENCEPHALON

DEVELOPMENTS OF ALAR PLATE

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20
Q

MESENCEPHALON DEVELOPS INTO

A

DOESN’T, STAYS THE SAME

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21
Q

RHOMBENCEPHALON DEVELOPS INTO

A

METENCEPHALON AND MYELENCEPHALON

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22
Q

MYELENCEPHALON DEVELOPS INTO

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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23
Q

WHAT IS THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA

A

CENTER FOR CV AND RESP FUNCTION
CN 6-12 ASSOCIATED
COMPONENT OF BRAINSTEM

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24
Q

WHAT DO LEPTOMENINGES OF CNS DO AND WHERE DO THEY ORIGINATE

A

ORIGINATE FROM NEURAL CREST AND ADJACENT MESODERM CELLS

CONTAIN MAJORITY OF BLOOD VESSELS SUPPLYING CNS AND ROOTS OF PERIPHERAL NERVES

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE CHOROID PLEXUS OF THE 4TH VENTRICLE RESPONSIBLE FOR

A

PRODUCTION OF CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID (CSF)

26
Q

WHAT IS THE CHOROID PLEXUS

A

ADJACENT CUBOIDAL EPENDYMAL CELLS, PIA MATER AND CAPILLARY BED HANG DOWN INTO 4TH VENTRICLE TO FORM IT

27
Q

LATERAL APERTURE OF CHOROID PLEXUS DOES WHAT

A

ALLOWS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN VENTRICLE AND SUBARACHNOID SPACE

28
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR DERIVATIVES OF METENCEPHALON

A

PONS (VENTRAL SIDE)

CEREBELLUM (DORSAL SIDE)

29
Q

FUNCTION OF PONS

A

BRIDGE OF FIBERS CONNECTING THE CEREBRAL DOWN TO THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX

30
Q

FUNCTION OF CEREBELLUM

A

BALANCE AND COORDINATION, FINE MOVEMENT, INVOLVED IN LEARNING

31
Q

WHAT CN IS ASSOCIATED WITH METENCEPHALON

A

CN 5

32
Q

MESENCEPHALON FORMS FOUR ROUNDED HILLS COLLECTIVELY CALLED

A

CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA

33
Q

THE TWO SUPERIOR HILLS OF THE MESENCEPHALON ARE? WHAT DO THEY DO?

A

THE SUPERIOR COLLICULI

VISUAL REFLEX FUNCTION, VISUAL MOTOR

34
Q

THE TWO INFERIOR HILLS OF THE MESENCEPHALON ARE? THEY DO?

A

INFERIOR COLLICULI

AUDITORY REFLEX

35
Q

FIBER TRACKS COMING DOWN VENTRAL SURFACE OF MESENCEPHALON ARE

A

CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE

36
Q

WHAT JOINS THE 3RD AND 4TH VENTRICLE

A

CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT

37
Q

WHAT IS SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (BLACK SUBSTANCE)

A

PIGMENT MELANIN

FIBERS RICH IN DOPAMINE, PROJECT INTO BASAL GANGLIA

38
Q

WHAT CN IS ASSOCIATED WITH MESENCEPHALON

A

CN 3 AND 4

39
Q

WHAT CN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIENCEPHALON

A

CN 2

40
Q

WHAT VENTRICLE IS IN DIENCEPHALON

A

3RD

41
Q

LAMINA TERMINALIS IS

A

MOST ANTERIOR PART OF NEURAL TUBE

42
Q

WHAT SEPARATES THE 3RD VENTRICLE INTO A SMALL DORSAL AND LARGE VENTRAL COMPONENTS

A

INTERTHALAMIC ADHESION

43
Q

WHAT DOES THE EPITHALAMUS DO

A

MAINTENANCE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RYTHYM

44
Q

WHERE IS THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEI LOCATED

A

VENTROLATERALLY IN THE DIENCEPHALON

45
Q

WHAT IS NEUROHYPOPHYSIS

A

VENTRAL OUT GROWTH OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS PLUS EXTENSION OF 3RD VENTRICLE

46
Q

WHAT IS THE THALAMUS

A

MASS OF NUCLEI

47
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THALAMUS

A

ALL SENSORY INPUTS TO CEREBRAL CORTEX FIRST GO TO THE THALAMUS EXCEPT OLFACTION

48
Q

FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHALAMUS

A 
CONTROL CENTER FOR ANS
REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE
PRODUCE ANTERIOR PITUITARY RELEASING HORMONE
REGULATE THIRST
EFFECT EMOTIONS
REGULATE APPETITE
AFFECT MATING BEHAVIOUR
AFFECT SLEEP MECHANISM
MEMORY
PRODUCE POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE
49
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE BRAIN DOES THE TELENCEPHALON ACCOUNT FOR

A

85%

50
Q

WHAT CN ASSOCIATED WITH TELENCEPHALON

A

CN 1

51
Q

WHAT DO VENTRICLES 1 AND 2 BECOME

A

LATERAL VENTRICLES OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

52
Q

WHAT DOES BASAL GANGLIA DO

A

MODIFY MOTOR ACTION

53
Q

WHAT IS PUTAMEN

A

LATERAL ASPECT OF BASAL GANGLIA

54
Q

WHAT IS GLOBUS PALLIDUS

A

MEDIAL PART OF BASAL GANGLIA

55
Q

WHAT IS ARCHICORTEX

A

OLD CORTEX

56
Q

WHERE IS THE HIPPOCAMPUS COMPLEX

A

DEEP INSIDE TEMPORAL LOBE

57
Q

FUNCTION OF HIPPOCAMPUS

A

SHORT TERM MEMORY PROCESSING
VISUAL SPECIAL ACUITY
RESET MEMORY FOR LONG TERM MEMORY

58
Q

WHAT IS THE TOP OF THE FOLD OF CERECRAL HEMISPHERE CALLED? THE BOTTOM?

A 
GYRUS = TOP
SULCI = BOTTOM
59
Q

LOBES OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

A 
PREFRONTAL
FRONTAL (PAIN)
PARIETAL (SENSORY)
OCCIPITAL (VISION)
TEMPORAL (HEARING AND BALANCE)
60
Q

FUNCTIONS OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX

A 
PLANNING AHEAD
SEQUENCING EVENTS
INITIATIVE
JUDGEMENT
WORKING MEMORY

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