Spinal Cord

Question 1

What is the spinal cord the link between?

Answer 1

The brain and the body

Question 2

What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

Pathway for sensory and motor impulses and reflexes

Question 3

What is a reflex?

Answer 3

The quickest reaction to a stimulant

Question 4

What is the length of the spinal cord in cm and inches?

Answer 4

42-45 cm, and 16-18 in

Question 5

What are the two longitudinal depressions in the spinal cord?

Answer 5

Posterior median sulcus and anterior median fissure

Question 6

What are the five different names for parts of the spinal cord?

Answer 6

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

Question 7

What does the cervical enlargement control?

Answer 7

Motor control of upper limbs

Question 8

What does the lumbosacral enlargement control?

Answer 8

Motor control of the lower limbs

Question 9

What is the conus medularis?

Answer 9

Tapering inferior end of spinal cord

Question 10

What is the caudal equina?

Answer 10

groups of axons projecting inferiorly

Question 11

What is the film terminale?

Answer 11

Anchors conus medullar is to coccyx

Question 12

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 12

31

Question 13

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 13

8

Question 14

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Answer 14

12

Question 15

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

Answer 15

5

Question 16

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

What do the spinal cord meninges do?

Answer 18

Protects and encapsulates spinal cord

Question 19

What are the spinal cord meninges a continuation of?

Answer 19

The brain’s meninges

Question 20

What does the spinal dura mater not have that the cranial dura mater has?

Answer 20

Periosteal layer

Question 21

What are the three spinal cord meninges from furthest away to deepest?

Answer 21

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 22

What is the pia mater found on?

Answer 22

Spinal cord

Question 23

What does the pia mater support?

Answer 23

Blood vessels

Question 24

What are denticulate ligaments?

Answer 24

Lateral extensions that attach to dura mater

Question 25

What is the epidural space?

Answer 25

Space between vertebra and dura mater

Question 26

What is the subdural space?

Answer 26

space between dura mater and arachnoid mater

Question 27

What is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 27

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 28

Of the three spaces, which one can potentially happen?

Answer 28

Subdural space

Question 29

What is the subarachnoid mater filled with?

Answer 29

CSF

Question 30

What is the gray matter?

Answer 30

Inner portion, butterfly shaped

Question 31

What are the 4 categories the gray matter is divided into?

Answer 31

anterior horns, lateral horns, posterior horns, gray commissures

Question 32

What kind of nuclei are the anterior horns made of?

Answer 32

Somatic motor nuclei

Question 33

What kind of nuclei are the posterior horns made of?

Answer 33

somatic sensory

Question 34

IN the posterior horn, what are the somatic sensory nuclei made of?

Answer 34

Soma of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons

Question 35

In the posterior horn, what are the visceral sensory nuclei made of?

Answer 35

Soma of interneuron and axons of sensory neurons

Question 36

What are the three regions of white matter on the spinal cord?

Answer 36

Posterior funiculus, anterior funiculus, and lateral funiculus

Question 37

What connects white matter together?

Answer 37

White commissures

Question 38

What are ascending and descending tracts made of?

Answer 38

Axons in the funiculus

Question 39

What is an ascending tract?

Answer 39

Sends sensory information to brain

Question 40

What is a descending tract?

Answer 40

Sends motor information away from the brain

Question 41

What does the anterior root contain?

Answer 41

motor axons

Question 42

What does the posterior root contain?

Answer 42

sensory axons and posterior root ganglion

Question 43

What does the posterior root ganglion contain?

Answer 43

Sensory somas

Question 44

What are the two spinal nerve branches?

Answer 44

Posterior and anterior ramus

Question 45

Which of the two spinal branches is the smaller one?

Answer 45

Posterior ramus

Question 46

What does the posterior ramus innervate?

Answer 46

The posterior trunk

Question 47

What does the anterior ramus innervate?

Answer 47

Anterior and lateral trunk, limbs

Question 48

What is a plexus?

Answer 48

network of interweaving spinal nerves

Question 49

What is the other structure on the rami communicants?

Answer 49

Sympathetic trunk ganglion

Question 50

Where are parasympathetic neurons found?

Answer 50

Brainstem and sacral region

Question 51

Where are sympathetic neurons found?

Answer 51

thoracic and lumbar region

Question 52

Where is the sympathetic trunk found?

Answer 52

Anterior to spinal nerves, lateral to spinal column

Question 53

What are sympathetic trunk ganglion?

Answer 53

Somas of sympathetic neurons

Question 54

What can postganglionic neurons do?

Answer 54

Move up/down the trunk

Question 55

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 55

Neural wiring of a single reflex

Question 56

What are the three steps of a reflex arc?

Answer 56

Receptor in PNS communicates with Cns and gets sent to a PNS receptor

Question 57

What is ipsilateral?

Answer 57

Receptor and effector are on the same side

Question 58

What is contralateral?

Answer 58

Receptor and effector are on opposite sides

Question 59

What is monosynaptic?

Answer 59

Sensory axons synapse directly with motor neurons

Question 60

What is polysynaptic?

Answer 60

Multiple synapses including interneurons