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Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The body’s primary communication and control system

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2
Q

What two types of nervous tissue is the nervous system composed of?

A

Neurons and Glial cells

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3
Q

What are the two names of the structural division of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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4
Q

What two structures does the CNS include?

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What three structures does the PNS include?

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia

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6
Q

What is a bunch of soma in the CNS called?

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

What is a bunch of axons in the CNS called?

A

Tract

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8
Q

What is a bunch of soma in the PNS called?

A

Ganglia

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9
Q

What are a bunch of axons in the PNS called?

A

Nerves

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10
Q

What are the two ways to classify the nervous system functionally?

A

Sensory nervous system and motor nervous system

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11
Q

The sensory nervous system is ____ information.

A

input

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12
Q

Which way does information flow in the sensory nervous system?

A

PNS —–> CNS

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13
Q

What are the two subcategories of the sensory nervous system?

A

Visceral sensory and somatic sensory

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14
Q

Is somatic sensory conscious or unconscious stimuli?

A

Conscious

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15
Q

What are six examples of somatic sensory?

A

touch, pain, pressure, smell, sight, and sound

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16
Q

Is visceral sensory information unconscious or conscious?

A

unconscious

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17
Q

What is an example of visceral sensory information?

A

information from organs (blood vessel stretch)

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18
Q

The motor nervous system is _____ information.

A

output

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19
Q

Which way does information flow in the motor nervous system?

A

CNS —-> PNS

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20
Q

Which two subcategories are under the motor nervous system?

A

Autonomic motor and somatic motor

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21
Q

Is somatic motor voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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22
Q

What does the somatic motor system innervate?

A

Skeletal muscle

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23
Q

Is the autonomic motor system voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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24
Q

What does the autonomic motor system innervate?

A

smooth and cardiac muscles, glands

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25
Q

What two subcategories are under the autonomic motor system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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26
Q

What is the catch phrase for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight

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27
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

A

energy consuming activities

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28
Q

What is the catch phrase for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest

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29
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

A

gaining and conserving energy

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30
Q

What is the description for a neuron?

A

electrically excitable and conductive

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31
Q

What are the three characteristics of neurons?

A

high metabolic rate, extreme longevity and non-mitotic

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32
Q

What three structures are part of a neuron?

A

soma, dendrites, axons

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33
Q

What does the soma do?

A

receive, integrate and send information

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34
Q

What three organelles are found in the soma?

A

mitochondria, RER and ribosomes

35
Q

What are many RER and ribosomes in one area called?

A

Nissl Bodies

36
Q

What color are Nissl Bodies?

A

Gray

37
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive information and send it to the soma

38
Q

What do axons do?

A

Sends information to effector

39
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

site of axon connection to soma

40
Q

What are axon collaterals?

A

side branches

41
Q

What is telodendria?

A

Fine terminal extensions

42
Q

What are synaptic knobs?

A

expanded tips of telodendria

43
Q

How are neurons classified structurally?

A

it is based on the number of processes from the soma

44
Q

What does a unipolar neuron look like?

A

single short process that branches like a T

45
Q

What does a bipolar neuron look like?

A

2 processes, one for dendrites, other for axon

46
Q

What does a multipolar neuron look like?

A

many dendrites and a single axon

47
Q

Of the three neurons, which is the most common?

A

mulitpolar

48
Q

How are neurons classified functionally?

A

it is based on the direction of the impulse

49
Q

What is another name for sensory neurons?

A

Afferent

50
Q

What is another name for motor neurons?

A

Efferent

51
Q

Which direction do sensory neuron impulses go?

A

From sensory receptors to CNS

52
Q

Structurally, which type of neuron are sensory neurons? of the two, which one is it mostly.

A

unipolar and bipolar. mostly unipolar

53
Q

Where are the cell bodies found for sensory neurons?

A

outside of the CNS

54
Q

Which direction to motor neuron impulses go?

A

from the CNS to muscles or glands

55
Q

Structurally, what type of neuron is a motor neuron? Where is the soma located?

A

multipolar and inside CNS

56
Q

What do interneurons transmit?

A

impulses between sensory and motor neurons

57
Q

About what percentage of neurons is made up by interneurons?

A

99%

58
Q

Structurally what kind of neuron is an interneuron and where is the cell body located?

A

multipolar and inside the CNS

59
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

protect and nourish neurons

60
Q

What are the four characteristics of glial cells?

A

Not excitable, mitotic, smaller and more abundant

61
Q

What do astrocytes look like? Are there a lot of them?

A

star shaped; they are most abundant

62
Q

What are the four functions of astrocytes?

A

forms blood brain barrier, forms structural framework, replaces damaged neurons, and assisting neuronal development

63
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

ciliated cuboidal cells lining ventricles ad central canal of spinal cord

64
Q

What do ependymal cells form?

A

choroid plexus

65
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

produce and circulate CSF

66
Q

What does CSF do?

A

nourish nervous tissue

67
Q

What are the three characteristics of microglial cells?

A

smallest cells, least abundant and phagocytic

68
Q

What is the function of microglial cells?

A

respond to infections, remove waste and debris

69
Q

Are oligodendrocytes large or small?

A

large

70
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

myelinated multiple axons in the CNS

71
Q

What is myelin?

A

Electrical insulation

72
Q

What color is myelin? Why is it that color?

A

White because it is lipid filled.

73
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

flattened cells surrounding soma in ganglia

74
Q

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

keeps soma separate and regulates nutrients

75
Q

What are neurolemmocytes?

A

Schwann cells

76
Q

What is the function of neurolemmocytes?

A

myelinated single axon in PNS

77
Q

What are nerves?

A

Bundle of parallel axons in PNS

78
Q

What kind of connective tissue surround the endometrium?

A

Aereolar CT

79
Q

What does the endometrium surround?

A

Schwann cells and axon

80
Q

What kind of CT surrounds the perineum?

A

Dense irregular CT

81
Q

What does the perineum surround?

A

Fascicles (group of axons)

82
Q

What kind of CT surrounds the epinerium?

A

Dense irregular CT

83
Q

What does the epinerium surround?

A

A nerve (bundle of fascicles)

84
Q

What are synapses?

A

communication junction between axons and another neuron, muscle or gland

Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 (4 decks)

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