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Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are receptors?

A

Structures that detect stimuli

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2
Q

What are the two types of receptors for general senses?

A

Somatic and visceral receptors

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3
Q

What is the name of the receptor for special senses?

A

Special senses receptor

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4
Q

Where are somatic receptors found?

A

Body walls

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5
Q

What are 5 examples of what somatic receptors feel?

A

Chemicals, touch, pain, pressure, temperature

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6
Q

Where are visceral receptors found?

A

Organ walls

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7
Q

What are examples of what visceral receptors feel?

A

Chemicals, temperature, pressure

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8
Q

Where are special senses receptors found?

A

Organs in the head

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9
Q

What are the five special senses?

A

Gustation, olfaction, vision, hearing, equilibrium

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10
Q

What do chemoreceptors sense?

A

Chemicals (molecules dissolved in fluid)

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11
Q

What do thermoreceptors sense?

A

changes in body temperature

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12
Q

What do photoreceptors sense?

A

Changes in light intensity, color and movement

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13
Q

What do mechanoreceptors sense?

A

Physical changes due to touch, pressure, vibration and stretch

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14
Q

What do baroreceptors sense?

A

Pressure changes within body structures

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15
Q

What do nociceptors sense?

A

Tissue damage and pain

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16
Q

Where are tactile receptors found?

A

Dermis and Subcutaneous

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17
Q

What modality to tactile receptors have?

A

mechanoreceptors

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18
Q

What are the two types of tactile receptors?

A

Encapsulated and unencapsulated

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19
Q

What are the names of the two types of unencapsulated tactile receptors?

A

Free nerve endings and root hair plexus

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20
Q

What do free nerve endings sense?

A

Pain and temperature

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21
Q

What do root hair plexus’ detect?

A

movement of hair follicles

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22
Q

What are the two types of encapsulated tactile receptors?

A

Lamellated corpuscles and tactile corpuscles

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23
Q

What do lamellate corpuscles detect?

A

Deep pressure

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24
Q

What do tactile corpuscles detect?

A

Light Touch

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25
What is gustation?
Taste
26
How do gustatory cells sense taste?
Receptors with microvilli
27
Where are gustatory cells found?
Taste buds in papillae
28
What is the modality of gustatory cells?
Chemoreceptors
29
What are the five things gustatory cells detect?
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
30
What is it that we detect with sweet?
Sugar
31
What do we detect with salty?
metal ions
32
What do we detect with sour?
Hydrogen
33
What do er detect with bitter?
Alkaloids
34
What do we detect with umami?
Amino acids
35
What nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the mouth?
CN IX
36
What nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the mouth?
CN VII
37
How does the sense of taste get to the brain?
From whatever portion of the tongue, then to the medulla oblongata to the thalamus to the primary gustatory cortex which is found in the insula
38
What is olfaction?
Smell
39
What are olfactory receptors cells?
Receptors with free nerve endings
40
Where are olfactory receptor cells found?
Olfactory bulbs
41
What is the modality of olfactory receptor cells?
Chemoreceptors
42
What do olfactory receptor cells detect?
Airborne molecules
43
What is the olfactory pathway?
Olfactory receptor cells to cribriform foramina to olfactory bulb to olfactory tract to primary olfactory cortex of temporal lobe
44
What sense does vision give us?
Sight
45
What are the three layers of the eye?
Sclera, choroid, retina
46
What layer is the retina?
Internal layer
47
What are the two layers of the retina?
Pigmented layer and neural layer
48
What does the pigmented layer absorb?
Light
49
What does the neural layer contain?
Photoreceptors
50
From outer to inner, what is the organization of the neural layer?
Photoreceptor layer, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
51
What does the photoreceptor layer contain?
Rods and cones
52
What do the axons form with in the ganglion cell layer??
Axons form with CN II
53
What does the fovea centrals have a lot of? and what does it have little of?
High amount of cones and low amount of rods
54
where does someone have the sharpest vision?
at the fovea centralis
55
what is the visual pathway?
The photoreceptors are stimulated and then hit the bipolar cells then the ganglion cells and then the axons form optic nerve (CN II) to the optic chiasm to the optic tract to the superior colliculi to the thalamus to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe
56
What are the three regions of the ear?
External, middle, inner
57
What is the external ear called?
Auricle
58
What are the three parts of the external ear?
Auricle, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane
59
What are the three parts of the middle ear called?
Malleus, incus and stapes
60
What are the malleus, incus and stapes called?
Ossicles
61
What are the three parts of the inner ear?
Vestibule, semicircular canals and chochlea
62
What are the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea called?
Bony Labyrinth
63
What receptors are found in the vestibules?
Mechanoreceptors
64
What are the mechanoreceptors called in the vestibule?
Stereocilia, 1 kinocilium
65
Where are stereocilia embedded in the vestibule?
otolithic membrane
66
Where are stereocilia found?
Macula
67
What does the vestibule detect?
Acceleration
68
What does the vestibule contain?
Utricle and saccule
69
What receptors are found in the semicircular canals?
Mechanoreceptors
70
What are the mechanoreceptors embedded in?
Cupula
71
Where are the mechanoreceptors found in the semicircular canals?
ampulla
72
What do the semicircular canals detect?
Rotational motion
73
What is the equilibrium pathway?
Motion is detected, endolymph moves cupula/ otolithic membrane, sterocilia bends, vestibular branch of CN VIII, to medulla oblongata
74
What receptors are found in the cochlea?
Mechanoreceptors
75
What are the mechanoreceptors in the cochlea embedded in?
Tectorial membrane
76
Where are the mechanorecpotrs found?
basilar membrane
77
What does the cochlea detect?
Sound
78
What is the auditory pathway?
bending of cilia, to cochlea nerve to vestibularcochlear nerve CN VIII to the thalamus to the primary auditory cortex

Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 (4 decks)

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