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Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are receptors?

A

Structures that detect stimuli

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2
Q

What are the two types of receptors for general senses?

A

Somatic and visceral receptors

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3
Q

What is the name of the receptor for special senses?

A

Special senses receptor

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4
Q

Where are somatic receptors found?

A

Body walls

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5
Q

What are 5 examples of what somatic receptors feel?

A

Chemicals, touch, pain, pressure, temperature

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6
Q

Where are visceral receptors found?

A

Organ walls

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7
Q

What are examples of what visceral receptors feel?

A

Chemicals, temperature, pressure

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8
Q

Where are special senses receptors found?

A

Organs in the head

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9
Q

What are the five special senses?

A

Gustation, olfaction, vision, hearing, equilibrium

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10
Q

What do chemoreceptors sense?

A

Chemicals (molecules dissolved in fluid)

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11
Q

What do thermoreceptors sense?

A

changes in body temperature

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12
Q

What do photoreceptors sense?

A

Changes in light intensity, color and movement

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13
Q

What do mechanoreceptors sense?

A

Physical changes due to touch, pressure, vibration and stretch

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14
Q

What do baroreceptors sense?

A

Pressure changes within body structures

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15
Q

What do nociceptors sense?

A

Tissue damage and pain

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16
Q

Where are tactile receptors found?

A

Dermis and Subcutaneous

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17
Q

What modality to tactile receptors have?

A

mechanoreceptors

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18
Q

What are the two types of tactile receptors?

A

Encapsulated and unencapsulated

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19
Q

What are the names of the two types of unencapsulated tactile receptors?

A

Free nerve endings and root hair plexus

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20
Q

What do free nerve endings sense?

A

Pain and temperature

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21
Q

What do root hair plexus’ detect?

A

movement of hair follicles

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22
Q

What are the two types of encapsulated tactile receptors?

A

Lamellated corpuscles and tactile corpuscles

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23
Q

What do lamellate corpuscles detect?

A

Deep pressure

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24
Q

What do tactile corpuscles detect?

A

Light Touch

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25
Q

What is gustation?

A

Taste

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26
Q

How do gustatory cells sense taste?

A

Receptors with microvilli

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27
Q

Where are gustatory cells found?

A

Taste buds in papillae

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28
Q

What is the modality of gustatory cells?

A

Chemoreceptors

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29
Q

What are the five things gustatory cells detect?

A

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

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30
Q

What is it that we detect with sweet?

A

Sugar

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31
Q

What do we detect with salty?

A

metal ions

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32
Q

What do we detect with sour?

A

Hydrogen

33
Q

What do er detect with bitter?

A

Alkaloids

34
Q

What do we detect with umami?

A

Amino acids

35
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the mouth?

A

CN IX

36
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the mouth?

A

CN VII

37
Q

How does the sense of taste get to the brain?

A

From whatever portion of the tongue, then to the medulla oblongata to the thalamus to the primary gustatory cortex which is found in the insula

38
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Smell

39
Q

What are olfactory receptors cells?

A

Receptors with free nerve endings

40
Q

Where are olfactory receptor cells found?

A

Olfactory bulbs

41
Q

What is the modality of olfactory receptor cells?

A

Chemoreceptors

42
Q

What do olfactory receptor cells detect?

A

Airborne molecules

43
Q

What is the olfactory pathway?

A

Olfactory receptor cells to cribriform foramina to olfactory bulb to olfactory tract to primary olfactory cortex of temporal lobe

44
Q

What sense does vision give us?

A

Sight

45
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A

Sclera, choroid, retina

46
Q

What layer is the retina?

A

Internal layer

47
Q

What are the two layers of the retina?

A

Pigmented layer and neural layer

48
Q

What does the pigmented layer absorb?

A

Light

49
Q

What does the neural layer contain?

A

Photoreceptors

50
Q

From outer to inner, what is the organization of the neural layer?

A

Photoreceptor layer, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

51
Q

What does the photoreceptor layer contain?

A

Rods and cones

52
Q

What do the axons form with in the ganglion cell layer??

A

Axons form with CN II

53
Q

What does the fovea centrals have a lot of? and what does it have little of?

A

High amount of cones and low amount of rods

54
Q

where does someone have the sharpest vision?

A

at the fovea centralis

55
Q

what is the visual pathway?

A

The photoreceptors are stimulated and then hit the bipolar cells then the ganglion cells and then the axons form optic nerve (CN II) to the optic chiasm to the optic tract to the superior colliculi to the thalamus to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe

56
Q

What are the three regions of the ear?

A

External, middle, inner

57
Q

What is the external ear called?

A

Auricle

58
Q

What are the three parts of the external ear?

A

Auricle, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane

59
Q

What are the three parts of the middle ear called?

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

60
Q

What are the malleus, incus and stapes called?

A

Ossicles

61
Q

What are the three parts of the inner ear?

A

Vestibule, semicircular canals and chochlea

62
Q

What are the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea called?

A

Bony Labyrinth

63
Q

What receptors are found in the vestibules?

A

Mechanoreceptors

64
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors called in the vestibule?

A

Stereocilia, 1 kinocilium

65
Q

Where are stereocilia embedded in the vestibule?

A

otolithic membrane

66
Q

Where are stereocilia found?

A

Macula

67
Q

What does the vestibule detect?

A

Acceleration

68
Q

What does the vestibule contain?

A

Utricle and saccule

69
Q

What receptors are found in the semicircular canals?

A

Mechanoreceptors

70
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors embedded in?

A

Cupula

71
Q

Where are the mechanoreceptors found in the semicircular canals?

A

ampulla

72
Q

What do the semicircular canals detect?

A

Rotational motion

73
Q

What is the equilibrium pathway?

A

Motion is detected, endolymph moves cupula/ otolithic membrane, sterocilia bends, vestibular branch of CN VIII, to medulla oblongata

74
Q

What receptors are found in the cochlea?

A

Mechanoreceptors

75
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors in the cochlea embedded in?

A

Tectorial membrane

76
Q

Where are the mechanorecpotrs found?

A

basilar membrane

77
Q

What does the cochlea detect?

A

Sound

78
Q

What is the auditory pathway?

A

bending of cilia, to cochlea nerve to vestibularcochlear nerve CN VIII to the thalamus to the primary auditory cortex

Anatomy Lecture Exam #3 (4 decks)

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