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Neuro II > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Define Parasthesia

A

An abnormal sensation; can include burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling. Sometimes characterized as “pins and needles.”

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2
Q

Define Dysesthesia

A

Impairment of sensation short of anesthesia

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3
Q

Define Paresis

A

Muscular weakness caused by nerve damage or disease

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4
Q

Define Dermatome

A

Cutaneous area served by an individual sensory root

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5
Q

Define Myotome

A

Muscles innervated by an individual motor root

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6
Q

Define Radiculopathy

A

Sensory and/or motor dysfunction due to injury to a nerve root

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7
Q

Define Myelopathy

A

Disorder resulting in spinal cord dysfunction

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8
Q

How many pairs of nerve roots do we have - and how many at each level of the spine?

A

31 pairs. 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal

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9
Q

Root C5 lies between which two vertebral segments?

A

C4 and C5

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10
Q

Root T2 lies between which two vertebral segments?

A

T2 and T3

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11
Q

What is Lhermitte’s symptom?

A

Shooting “lightning bolt” pain down spine with flexion of neck - suggests a cervical myelopathy

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12
Q

Is “spinal shock” an immediate neurologic sign of upper or lower motor neuron syndrome?

A

UMN

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13
Q

Are fasciculations a neurologic sign of upper or lower motor neuron syndrome?

A

LMN

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14
Q

Is spastic paresis a neurologic sign of upper or lower motor neuron syndrome?

A

UMN

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15
Q

Is flacid paresis a neurologic sign of upper or lower motor neuron syndrome?

A

LMN

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16
Q

Is atrophy a neurologic sign of upper or lower motor neuron syndrome?

A

LMN

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17
Q

What is the motor territory, sensory territory, and reflex of nerve root C5?

A

Motor: deltoid, infraspinatus, biceps
Sensory: shoulder, upper lateral arm
Reflex: biceps

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18
Q

What is the motor territory, sensory territory, and reflex of nerve root C6?

A

Motor: wrist extensors, biceps
Sensory: 1st and 2nd digits of hand
Reflex: biceps, brachioradialis

19
Q

What is the motor territory, sensory territory, and reflex of nerve root C7?

A

Motor: triceps
Sensory: 3rd digit
Reflex: triceps

20
Q

What is the motor territory, sensory territory, and reflex of nerve root L4?

A

Motor: psoas, quadriceps
Sensory: knee, medial leg
Reflex: patellar

21
Q

What is the motor territory, sensory territory, and reflex of nerve root L5?

A

Motor: foot dorsiflexion, big toe extension foot eversion/inversion
Sensory: dorsum of food, great toe
Reflex: none

22
Q

What is the motor territory, sensory territory, and reflex of nerve root S1?

A

Motor: foot plantar flexion
Sensory: lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot
Reflex: achilles

23
Q

Which dermatome typically covers the nipple line?

A

T4

24
Q

Which dermatome typically covers the xyphoid process?

A

T6

25
Q

Which dermatome typically covers the umbilicus?

A

T10

26
Q

Is Babinski’s sign a neurologic sign of upper or lower motor neuron syndrome?

A

UMN

27
Q

Is late pain in thighs and buttocks a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Conus medullaris

28
Q

Is patchy, asymmetric “saddle” a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Cauda equina

29
Q

Is early bladder dysfunction a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Conus medullaris

30
Q

Is late bladder dysfunction a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Cauda equina

31
Q

Is late bowel and sexual dysfunction a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Cauda equina

32
Q

Is symmetric “saddle” anesthesia a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Conus medullaris

33
Q

Is pelvic floor muscle weakness a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Conus medullaris

34
Q

Is early root pain radiating to legs a symptom of conus medullaris or cauda equina syndrome?

A

Cauda equina

35
Q

Which nerves send sympathetic input to urinary sphincters?

A

Hypogastric nerves

36
Q

Which nerves send parasympathetic input to the detrusor muscle?

A

Pelvic nerves

37
Q

Which nerves send somatic input to the external urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles?

A

Pudendal nerves

38
Q

The hypogastric nerves arise from which spinal cord segments?

A

T10-L2

39
Q

The pelvic nerves arise from which spinal cord segments?

A

S2-S4

40
Q

The pudendal nerves arise from which spinal cord segments?

A

S2-S4

41
Q

Frontal lobe lesions cause what urinary problem?

A

Urinary urgency

42
Q

Spinal cord lesions above S2-S4 cause what urinary problem?

A

Spastic bladder (think UMN)

43
Q

Spinal cord lesions of S2-S4 or injury to peripheral nerves innervating bladder cause what urinary problem?

A

Flaccid bladder (think LMN)

Neuro II (8 decks)

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