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Neuro II > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Class Triad of clinical features of bacterial meningitis?

A

Fever, headache, and neck stiffness

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2
Q

What is the median age of bacterial meningitis?

A

42 years

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3
Q

From where does bacteria enter subarachnoid space most commonly?

A

Bloodstream

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4
Q

What is the most common organism that causes bacterial meningitis in patients under 2 months of age?

A

Group B Strep

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5
Q

What is the most common organism that causes bacterial meningitis in patients between 2 and 23 months of age?

A

Pneumococcus (50%)

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6
Q

What is the most common organism that causes bacterial meningitis in patients between 23 months and 34 years of age?

A

Meningococcus (40%) and Pneumococcus (40%)

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7
Q

What is the most common organism that causes bacterial meningitis in patients over 35 years of age?

A

Pneumococcus (50-70%)

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8
Q

What is a normal WBC count for adults in the CSF?

A
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9
Q

What is a normal WBC count for newborns in the CSF?

A
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10
Q

What is a normal protein count for adults in the CSF?

A

18-50 (avg 35) mg/dL

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11
Q

What is a normal protein count for newborns in the CSF?

A
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12
Q

What is a normal glucose value for adults in the CSF?

A

2/3 of serum glucose (50-60)

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13
Q

What is a normal glucose value for newborns in the CSF?

A

2/3 of serum glucose (variable)

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14
Q

What is a typical WBC count in the CSF with bacterial meningitis?

A

100-10,000

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15
Q

What is a typical WBC count in the CSF with viral meningitis?

A

10-2,000

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16
Q

What is a typical WBC count in the CSF when encephalitis is present?

A

10-2,000

17
Q

What is the main WBC cell type in the CSF with bacterial meningitis?

A

PMN (80-90%)

18
Q

What is the main WBC cell type in the CSF with viral meningitis?

A

Mononuclear (lymphocyte)

19
Q

What is the main WBC cell type in the CSF when encephalitis is present?

A

Mononuclear (lymphocyte)

20
Q

What is the main WBC cell type in the CSF when a brain abscess is present?

A

Mononuclear (lymphocyte)

21
Q

Is CSF glucose high low or normal with bacterial meningitis?

A

Low

22
Q

Is CSF glucose high low or normal with viral meningitis?

A

Normal

23
Q

Is CSF protein high low or normal with bacterial meningitis?

A

High

24
Q

Is CSF protein high low or normal with viral meningitis?

A

Normal or slightly elevated

25
Q

What is the initial empiric therapy to treat bacterial meningitis in neonates and infants?

A

Ampicillin and cefotaxime

26
Q

What is the initial empiric therapy to treat bacterial meningitis in children and adults 3 months-50 years?

A

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime, and vancomycin

27
Q

What is the initial empiric therapy to treat bacterial meningitis in adults over 50 years?

A

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime, and vancomycin, AND ampicillin

28
Q

What is the initial empiric therapy to treat bacterial meningitis in hospital acquired, recent head trauma/neurosurgery, immunocompromised, and alcoholics?

A

Vancomycin and meropenem +/- ampicillin

29
Q

Which antibiotic is added when treating bacterial meningitis caused by Listeria?

A

Ampicillin

30
Q

When are steroids added to the treatment of bacterial meningitis?

A

Before or at the start of antibiotic treatment (only with pneumococcal meningitis)

31
Q

What are the common viruses that cause viral meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses, HSV-2, and arboviruses (WNV)

32
Q

What is the most important diagnostic tool for viral meningitis?

A

PCR amplification of viral genome

33
Q

What is the most common virus that causes viral encephalitis in the summer or early fall?

A

Arboviruses (WNV)

34
Q

What is the most common virus that causes viral encephalitis in the fall and winter?

A

LCMV

35
Q

What is the most common virus that causes viral encephalitis in the winter and spring?

A

Mumps

36
Q

What is a common virus that causes viral encephalitis in any season?

A

Herpes simplex

37
Q

What are 4 diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis?

A

PCR amplification, CSF pleocytosis, EEG, and CT/MRI

38
Q

What medication is used to treat viral encephalitis caused by HSV or VZV?

A

Acyclovir

Neuro II (8 decks)

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