Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro II > Analgesia & Pharmacology > Flashcards

Analgesia & Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most dangerous adverse side effect of opioid analgesics?

A

Respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the contraindications to opioids?

A

Respiratory dysfunction of any cause (including obesity), head trauma, hypotension, shock, hypothyroidism, impaired hepatic function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an endogenous agonist of the mu opioid receptor subtype?

A

Beta endorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All opioid receptor subtypes are linked to which G protein?

A

Gi/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of pain do opioids not affect?

A

Neurogenic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What opioid drug class does morphine belong to?

A

Opioid phenanthrene mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What opioid drug class does fentanyl belong to?

A

Meperidine mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What opioid drug class does loperimide belong to?

A

Meperidine mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What opioid drug class does tramadol belong to?

A

Opioid phenanthrene mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What opioid drug class does propoxyphene belong to?

A

Methadone mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What opioid drug class does buprenorphine belong to?

A

Mixed agonst/antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What opioid drug class does codeine belong to?

A

Opioid phenanthrene mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What opioid drug class does naloxone (Narcan) belong to?

A

Mu antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What opioid drug class does hydrocodone belong to?

A

Opioid phenanthrene mu agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What drug is used to treat opioid withdrawal?

A

Clonidine (alpha2 agonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is opioid withdrawal life-threatening?

A

No!

17
Q

What are the three structural pieces of all local anesthetics?

A

Lipophilic aromatic portion, intermediate alkyl chain, and hydrophilic amine portion

18
Q

Are all local anesthetics that contain a single “i” in the name esters or amides?

A

Esters

19
Q

Are all local anesthetics that contain two “i”s in the name esters or amides?

A

Amides

20
Q

What is the formula to determine what percentage of local anesthetic is in its neutral or cationic form, given the pH and pKa?

A

(neutral form)/(cationic form) = 10^(pH-pKa)

21
Q

When an area is infected, why does a patient need a higher does of local anesthetic?

A

The pH is lower at the infection site, leading to less available drug in neutral form to cross membranes.

22
Q

Does a local anesthetic bind the Na channel extracellularly or intracellularly?

A

Intracellularly

23
Q

Does the Na channel have higher affinity for local anesthetic in its neutral or charged form?

A

Charged

24
Q

Which fiber type is preferentially blocked by local anesthetics?

A

C fibers

25
Q

What is the relationship between the pKa of a local anesthetic and its lipid solubility?

A

The lower the pKa value, the higher the lipid solubility

26
Q

What is the main mechanism of ester local anesthetic termination?

A

Hydrolization primarily in plasma by an esterase

27
Q

What is the main mechanism of amide local anesthetic termination?

A

Metabolized in liver only

28
Q

How are local anesthetics excreted?

A

Renally

29
Q

Why are many local anesthetics combined with a vasoconstrictor like epinephrine?

A

The duration will be prolonged dramatically by reducing blood flow thereby retarding systemic absorption.

30
Q

Where do tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin act on the Na channel?

A

Extracellular entrance (pore)

31
Q

How do tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin cause death?

A

By paralyzing respiratory muscles

32
Q

What is first line therapy for termination of moderation to severe migraine?

A

Triptans

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of triptans?

A

5HT 1B/1D receptor agonist

34
Q

What are some adverse effects of triptans?

A

Parasthesis, flushing, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, pressure in chest, coronary vasospasm & angina, MI, arrhythmia, stroke, death

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ergot alkaloids?

A

5HT 1B/1D receptor agonist

36
Q

What is first-line therapy for prevention of chronic migraines?

A

Propanolol

37
Q

What two dietary supplements are safe and can possibly prevent migraines?

A

Riboflavin and butterbur

Neuro II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions