Spinal Cord

Question 0

Cause of cauda equina lesion

Answer 0

Slipped disc

Trauma

Question 1

What does cauda equina lesions cause

Answer 1

Lead to SCIATICA

Characterised by pain, muscle wasting, exaggerated tendon reflexes, urinary retention, constipation

Question 2

How does the cauda equina and lumbar cistern arise?

Answer 2

During development the vertebral column grows longer than the spinal cord

Question 3

Role of phrenic nucleus

Answer 3

Motor innervation to diaphragm
C3-5
V important

Question 4

Trigeminothalamic tract

Answer 4

Trigeminal principle nucleus in pons
Trigemino spinal nucleus in medulla
Ascend in medial lemniscus

Question 5

Definition of upper motor neurones

Answer 5

Contained entirely within CNS

Eg. Corticospinal and corticobulbar

Question 6

Definition of lower motor neurones

Answer 6

Cell bodies in cns gives off an axon that passes into a peripheral nerve innervating skeletal muscle

Question 7

Pyramidal pathway

Answer 7

Corticospinal tract

Question 8

Extrapyramidal tract

Answer 8

Tectospinal neck muscles
Vestibulospinal axial muscles and extensors
Reticulospinal axial and proximal limb muscles
Rubrospinal single finger movements

These are STEREOTYPED MOVEMENTS

Question 9

How is the corticospinal tract located in the brainstem

Answer 9

Midbrain, cerebral peduncles
Pons, diffuse
Medulla, pyramid
Decussation in pyramids 85% lateral spinal cord
15% anterior