Hypothalamus

Question 0

What is the autonomic function of the preoptic nucleus

Answer 0

Thermoregulation

Question 1

What divides the hypothalamus into medial and lateral groups?

Answer 1

Fornix

Question 2

What are the afferents from in the preoptic nucleus

Answer 2

Skin, mucous membranes and other hypothalamic nuclei

Question 3

What are the efferent pathways from preoptic area?

Answer 3

Thirst, drinking sweating and panting

Question 4

What are the. Euroendocrine effects of the preoptic nuclei

Answer 4

Control of gonadotrophin releasing hormone via arcuate nucleus

Question 5

What nuclei are in the medial zone of the hypothalamus

Answer 5

Supraoptic, paraventricukar suprachiasmic, anterior nuc

Question 6

What nuclei are in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus

Answer 6

Ventromedial nuc, dorsomedial nuc, infundibular/arcuate nuc

Question 7

What nuclei are present in the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Mammillary nucleus, posterior nucleus

Question 8

What nuclei are pressent in the lateral zone of the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

Supraoptic lateral nuc lateral tuberal nuc perifornical area

Question 9

Role of the supraoptic nuc

Answer 9

Release vasopressin and oxy

Question 10

Role of paraventricular nuc

Answer 10

Release oxytocin and adh

Question 11

Role of suprachiasmatic nuce

Answer 11

Retinal afferents, circadian cycle

Question 12

Role of anterior nuc

Answer 12

Stria terminalis has parasympathetic effects

Question 13

Role of ventromedial nuc

Answer 13

Hunger, thirst, appetite

Question 14

Role of dorsomedial nuc

Answer 14

Hunger, thirst appetite

Question 15

Infundibular/arcuate nucleus

Answer 15

Infundibulum release dopamine suppressing prolactin

Question 16

Location and role of orexin neurones in the lateral hypothalamus

Answer 16

1. Widespread in lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area
2. Project widely through cns
3. Important in sleep/wake cycles and feeding
4. Stimulates appetite and food intake
5. Promotes sexual activity
6. Have leptin receptors (stimulation of these decrease appetite)

Question 17

Tole of median forebrain bundle

Answer 17

Loosely arranged bundle of fibres extending from the anterior commissure to the midbrain running lateral to hypothalamus

Interconnects hypothal nuclei

Stimulation of mfb results in pleasure, reward centre in the nuc accumbens

Question 18

Descending efferent connections to the hypothalamus

Answer 18

-Periventricular fibres to dorsal longitudunal fasciculus and then to autonomic preganglionic neurones of the brainstem and spinal cord
Also via midbrain raphe to sve motor neurones
Also to rf for lmns

• mamillotegmental tract to midbrain
• via mfb to midbrain
• neuroendocrine. Releasing factors amd hypothalmo-hypophysial tract

Question 19

Ascending efferents of hypothal

Answer 19

To septal areas and olfactory cortex via mfb
Via mammilothalamic tract to anterior thalamic nuc limbic system
To dorsomedian thalamic nuc and prefrontal cortex

Question 20

Afferents to hypothalamus

Answer 20

Olfaction
Sexual olfaction
Visceral sense from nuc trac sol
Somatic sensation
Limbic
Pfc moods ect
Retina