Spinal Cord Flashcards
Intermediolateral cell column
Sympathetic nuclei in spinal cord (lateral horn), preganglionic autonomic
T1-L2
Gamma motor neuron
controls muscle tone by modulating the sensitivity of muscle spindle
Motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
Alpha motor neuron, gamma motor neuron
Preganglionic autonomic neurons (parasympathetic)
Sacral parasympathetic nucleus, S2-S4
Clarke nucleus, nucleus dorsalis
Spinal cord nucleus responsible for propioception found in thoracic levels
Tract found on the lateral border of the spinal cord
Dorsal and ventral sponocerebellar tract
meningioma found in which layer of meninges
Intradural, extramedullary, subarachnoid
Schwannoma layer of meninge found:
Subarachnoid
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Motor neuron disease, with preserved sensory. Only anterior horn cells and corticospinal tracts are affected
What is the difference between conus medullaris syndrome and cauda equina syndrome?
No cord compression is found in cauda equina syndrome
What is the characteristic feature of chronic phase of spinal cord injury?
Formation of cystic cavity/syrinx, maturation of fibroglial scar
Wallerian degeneration / axonal dieback
Refers to very limited regeneration in the CNS due to lack of myelin and inhibition from myelin inhibitors
How is neurogenic shock (due to acute spinal injury above T6) different from vascular shock?
Reduced sympathetic outflow and bradycardia
Lower spinal cord levels have… compared to lower levels.
Less white matter
Why do some levels of the spinal cord have larger ventral horns
Supply the upper and lower limbs
A-alpha nerve fiber
Somatic efferent
A-beta nerve fiber
Touch & vibration
A-delta nerve fiber
Temp. & sharp pain
B nerve fiber
Pregang. Autonomic
C nerve fiber
No myelin. Postganglionic autonomic, dull-aching pain
How to tell the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons on a histo section?
Schwann cells envelop 1 axon in myelinated axons. In unmyelinated, 1 Schwann cell envelops several axons.
Golgi tendon organs are composed of…
Nucleus bag fibers and nuclear chain fibers
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
Antibodies to Ca channels in presynaptic axon
Myasthenia gravis syndrome
IgG antibodies against nicotinic AChR in postsynaptic neuron
Botulinum toxin
Prevents neurotransmitter vesicles from being exocytosis
Polyneuropathy nerve function loss pattern
Glove and stocking pattern
Guillain Barre syndrome
Polyneuropathy due to previous viral infection, mostly due to antibodies attacking myelin in the PNS
In what scenarios does the surgeon need to suture the nerve together for it to heal?
Neurotmesis, or loss of continuity of the entire nerve.
Autograft commonly uses which nerve?
Sural nerve
Which nucleus is found in all thoracic vertebrae?
Clarke nucleus
