Spinal Cord

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

comprised of brain and spinal cord

Question 2

brain stem

Answer 2

medulla oblongata and pons

Question 3

meninges

Answer 3

contain CSF and layers

Question 4

Thecal sac

Answer 4

dural sac. Can buldge intervertebral disks that compress the spinal sac

Question 5

white matter

Answer 5

axons process that comes off from cell bodies myelinated portion

Question 6

gray matter

Answer 6

cell bodies, functioning organelles of neurons

Question 7

dura mater

Answer 7

outmost (closest to bone), main tough layer

Question 8

arachnoid mater

Answer 8

“spider”, lacey, middle layer

Question 9

pia mater

Answer 9

innermost, surface of spinal cord

Question 10

epidural space

Answer 10

extradural adipose tissue- lots of cusion

contains internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 11

internal vertebral venous plexus

Answer 11

located in epidural space, Batson’s plexus, a network of veins, drains vertebral bodies

Question 12

subdural space

Answer 12

open due to trauma or disease (subdural hematoma)

Question 13

subarachnoid space

Answer 13

location of CSF, spinal veins and arteries, arachnoid trabeculae

Question 14

cervical enlargement

Answer 14

give rise to cervical and brachial plexus

Question 15

lumbar enlargement

Answer 15

give rise to lumbar and sacral plexus

Question 16

conus medullaris

Answer 16

the terminal end of the spinal cord (L1-L2), w

Question 17

denticulate ligaments

Answer 17

tooth like, paired extensions of pia mater that attach to arachnoid and dura mater, anchor laterally in dural sac

Question 18

filum terminale internum

Answer 18

anchors spinal cord in internal sac, pia mater extend from tip of conus medullaris to end of dural sac

Question 19

filum terminale externum

Answer 19

all dural layers fused together, anchors dural sac in sacrum

Question 20

lumbar cistern

Answer 20

enlargement of subarachnoid space L2-S2

Question 21

cauda equina

Answer 21

L2-S5 and Co spinal nerve roots that supplies nerves, horse like structure

Question 22

cauda equina syndrome

Answer 22

compression of cauda equina

Question 23

cauda equina syndrome causes

Answer 23

herniated disk, infection, lesion, trauma, stenosis

Question 24

stenosis

Answer 24

narrowing of the vertebral canal

Question 25

cauda equina symptoms

Answer 25

bowl/ bladder dysfunction, “saddle anesthesia”= sacral dermatomes, lower back pain

Question 26

segmental spinal arteries arise from: 3

Answer 26

subclavian, descending aorta, internal iliac arteries

Question 27

Subclavian aa

Answer 27

vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical

Question 28

descending aorta

Answer 28

posterior intercostal and lumbar artery

Question 29

internal iliac artery

Answer 29

lateral sacral

Question 30

what does anterior spinal artery arise from?

Answer 30

vertebral artery

Question 31

greater anterior segmental meduallary artery (of Adamkiewicz)

Answer 31

largest region supplies lower spinal cord and lumbar enlargement, largest segmental meduallary arteries, aka radicularis magna

Question 32

where does paired posterior spinal artery arise from

Answer 32

vertebral or cerebellar artery

Question 33

blood supply to spinal cord flow

Answer 33

1. Segmental spinal aa enter intervertebral foramin
2. Split into anterior and 3. posterior radicular artery
   - > supplies dorsal and ventral roots
3. Segmental spinal aa give off segmental medullary aa
4. Anastomose w/ anterior spinal artery

Question 34

venous drainage of spinal cord goal

Answer 34

veins that drain into internal vertebral venous plexus that lies in epidural space

Question 35

venous drainage of spinal cord flow

Answer 35

1. posterior spinal veins
2. anterior spinal veins
3. anterior and posterior medullary veins
4. radicular veins
5. internal vertebral plexus drained into
6. segmental veins

Question 36

internal vertebral venous plexus

Answer 36

batson’s plexus, provides a protective cushion for contents of the vertebral canal, do NOT have valves, lots of venous flow

Question 37

alt route for internal vertebral venous plexus

Answer 37

1. juglar veins of neck compressed
2. blood flow thru vena caval system is obstructed
3. intrathoracic pressure is increased
   intraabdominal pressure is increased

Question 38

internal vertebral venous plexus communicates with:

Answer 38

dural venous channels in head, veins