Axial Skeleton: Common pathologies and Abnormalities

Question 1

kyphosis

Answer 1

“Hunch back” (hyperkyphosis)

abnormal or exaggerated thoracic convexity

Question 2

Lordosis

Answer 2

hyperlordosis

abnormal or exaggerated lumbar concavity

Question 3

Scoliosis

Answer 3

abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of spine

Question 4

Herniated intervertebral discs

Answer 4

tend to occur in the lumbar in posterolateral direction

Question 5

thoracic region disc herniation

Answer 5

result of wear and tear; disc degeneration
sudden and forceful twisting of midback
relates to kyphosis

Question 6

lumbar region disc herniation

Answer 6

frequent bending, twisting, improper lifting increases the load on tendons that reinforce.
acute/ sudden injury

Question 7

spondylolisthesis

Answer 7

anterior/ ventral displacement of one vertebra on an adjacent

Question 8

common form of spondylolisthesis

Answer 8

spondylolysis