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Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Anatomy Practic Questions > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Practic Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The postzygapophysis of T8 is angled at what degree to the horizontal pane?

A

60 degrees

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2
Q

The most limited motion in the lumbar spine is?

A

Rotation

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3
Q

Hard compact bone will show up on X-rays as

A

Radiopague

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4
Q

The TVP of a typical vertebra is really composed of two parts, an anterior and a posterior part. Which of the following parts makes up the true TVP?

A

Diapophysis

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5
Q

The pleurapophysis is located on what part of the cervical TVP?

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Which of the following percentages of bone mineral change does it take to become radiographically visible?

A

30-40%

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7
Q

Origin: lower 1/2 of the ligamentum Nuchae and the SP’s of C-7 through T4. Insertion: superior to the mastoid on the temporal bone and occiput just inferior to the lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line. This information best describes which of the following muscles?

A

Splenius capitis

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8
Q

What age is a patient considered a child?

A

9

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9
Q

Name the most anterior part or portion of the posterior arch

A

Pedicles

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10
Q

An incomplete closure of the vertebra in the posterior results in _______

A

Spina bifida

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11
Q

What are the muscles that elevate the scapula?

A

Upper trapezius
Rhomboid major
Levator scapulae

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12
Q

Name the muscle that has its origin on the SPs of T2 through T5 and inserts into the medial border of the scapula

A

Rhomboid major

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13
Q

When do the pedicles fuse to the vertebral bodies?

A

3-6 years

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14
Q

What is the primary function of the facet joint?

A

Provide for and limit movement of the vertebral segment

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15
Q

The tripod theory of weight bearing states that a typical spinal vertebra will bear the compressive load of weight placed on top of it by _____________________

A

The two superior articular facets and the vertebral body will bear the weight

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16
Q

What muscle rotates the atlas on the axis?

A

Obliques captis inferior

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17
Q

The greatest amount of flexion and extension in the facet joints of the cervical spine occurs at ________

A

C5/6

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18
Q

What is the number of individual vertebral segments in the spine of a child?

A

24

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19
Q

What muscle of the back is innervated by the accessory nerve and attaches to the occiput of the skull, the spine of the scapula as well as the SP of C7-T12

A

Trapezius

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20
Q

The anterior wall of the IVF at T5/6 vertebral motor unit area is formed by the ______ _____ margins of the vertebral body of the vertebra above and the ______ between the two segments

A

Posterior lateral

Disc

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21
Q

Which layer of the articular capsule has a rich supply of sensory nerve endings?

A

Outer layer

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22
Q

The Latissimus dorsi muscle ______ the humerus

A

Adducts

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23
Q

What are other names for spina bifida?

A

Spondylochesis

Schistorrhachis

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24
Q

What area of the vertebra fuses between the ages of 16 and 20?

A

Epiphyseal plate

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25
Q

What is another name for the pre-zygapophysis?

A

Superior articular process

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26
Q

Several muscles work together to extend the neck except which one?

Splenius capitis
Scalene medius
Splenius cervicis
Semispinalis capitis

A

Scalene medius

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27
Q

All of the following muscles extend and rotate the vertebral column except?

Multifidus
Semispinalis
Rotatores
Intertransversarii

A

Intertransversarii

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28
Q

A large muscle associated with the back that extends between the iliac crest and the TVP of the lumbar vertebrae and laterally flexes the lumbar spine is _______

A

Quadratus lumborum

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29
Q

What muscle laterally flexes the neck and helps to raise the first rib?

A

Scalenus medius

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30
Q

Name the msucle that originates at the ligamentum nuchae and SP of C6 through T 3 and inserts in the upper border of T2 through T5 ribs

A

Serratus posterior inferior

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31
Q

Which of the following muscles attaches to the SP of T2 through T5 and the medial border of the scapula, between the spine of the scapula?

A

Rhomboid major

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32
Q

The nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi is _______

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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33
Q

Explain the tripod theory

A

The two superior articular facets and the vertebral body will bear the weight

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34
Q

A patient has pain on left side of his neck upon left lateral flexion and left rotation. Passive range of motion is postiive for pain in the same areas. Resistive range of motion of the same area did not produce any pain or discomfort. Is the diagnosis most likely a strain or a sprain demonstrated by this examination?

A

The patient has a sprain

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35
Q

The multifidus is supplied by the __________

A

Dorsal ramus of spinal nerves

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36
Q

What muscle has an action that adducts, extends the arm and rotates the arm medially?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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37
Q

In general the inferior articular facets of the lumbar spine face ______ degrees to the horizontal plane and rotated _____ degrees _______ to the vertical plane

A

90; 45 degrees laterally

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38
Q

What ROM is most pronounced in the lumbar spine

A

Flexion

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39
Q

The medial portion of the suboccipital triangle is

A

Rectus capitis posterior major

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40
Q

Trapezius muscle is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

CN XI

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41
Q

________ originates on the TVP of C1 through C4 and inserts on the medial border of the scapula. When bilateral contraction occurs it extends the cervical spine. When unilateral contraction occurs it causes lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the same side

A

Levator scapulae

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42
Q

Movement in any particular direction in any spina region is determined by what?

A

The angle of the articular facets

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43
Q

The TVP forms attachement for what msucle?

A

Levator scapulae

44
Q

How many scalene muscles are on each side?

A

3

45
Q

Name the muscle of the back that when it is tight or in spasm, it tends to restrict the rotation of the neck. It was discussed as whenever a patient complains of restricted neck rotation, suspect this muscle

A

Levator scapulae

46
Q

Coccygeal segments fuse at what age?

A

30

47
Q

After the age of 40, the ______ carries the compressive load. Before the age of 40, the ______ carries the compressive load

A

Cortex; cancellous

48
Q

When do the sacral segments fuse?

A

Age 9-11

49
Q

Where does the first pair of spinal nerves exit from?

A

Occiput/C1

50
Q

Lateral bending of the cervical spine to the RIGHT will cause the RIGHT SAP to move in what direction?

A

Glide inferior, posterior and toward the medial

51
Q

What ligament covers the anterior aspect of the zygapophyseal joint?

A

Ligamentum flavum

52
Q

The greatest amount of flexion and extension occurs where in the cervical spine.

A

C5/6

53
Q

What is the normal ADI for a child?

A

O.5- 5mm

54
Q

The risser’s sign is used in scoliosis evaluation for what purpose?

A

Determination of skeletal maturity

55
Q

Where in the low back does maximum flexion occur?

A

L5/S1

56
Q

The axis has ____ articulations

A

6

57
Q

A-P open mouth, A-P lower cervical, neutral lateral film and a set of oblique cervical x rays. The oblique has a right marker placed in front of the cervical spine. Based on this what X ray views are you looking at?

A

Right posterior oblique

58
Q

What muscle when tight causes a head ache but also will be painful close to the cervical SP?

A

Semispinalis capitis

59
Q

Bone models according to imposed demands. This statement best describes _______

A

Wolf law

60
Q

What radiographic modality is used most advantageously to visual soft tissue damage?

A

MRI

61
Q

Which ligament calcifies and becomes the posticus Ponticus

A

Posterior atlantooccipital ligament

62
Q

Which X ray views would you take to view the left IVF of the C4/5 motor unit

A

Left anterior oblique

63
Q

What is George’s line used to measure?

A

Anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis

64
Q

The LEFT IVF of the C5/6 motor units will be opened it maximum when the neck is

______ flexed, and _____ flexed to the ______

A

Anteriorly flexed, and laterally flexed to the right

65
Q

When looking at an AP cervical x ray, the SP would appear as _______

A

Inverted Vs

66
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis, whe it attacked the spine, is most commonly found first at which vertebral location?

A

Cervical facet joints

67
Q

Which layer of the articular capsule has a rich supply of blood vessels?

A

Middle layer

68
Q

What is the purpose of taking an oblique X-ray in the cervical spine?

A

Visualize the intervertebral foramen

69
Q

Where is the first intervertebral disc located at?

A

C2/3

70
Q

How is a scoliosis curvature named?

A

The direction the scoliosis convexes

71
Q

You want to see the IVF of the L4/5 motor unit. Which X-ray views will allow you to see it?

A

Lateral lumbar

72
Q

During lateral flexion int he Cervical spine, the vertebral bodies rotate toward the ______

A

Concavity

73
Q

What is the posterior border of a typical IVF?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

74
Q

When the patient rotates their head to the right or left, the first 50 percent of movement takes place at _______

A

Atlas/axis

75
Q

Lateral bending of the cervical spine will cause the right SAP to glide _____, ______, and towards the ____

A

Superior, anterior and towards the medial

76
Q

What is the normal degrees for the cervical curve?

A

35-45 degrees

77
Q

The lordotic curve is one that is ______ toward the posterior

A

Concaved

78
Q

DJD and DDD appears most commonly at what area of the spine?

A

C4-C6

79
Q

Risser’s Ferguson’s angle is _____ degrees less than cobbs angle

A

10

80
Q

During lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the SP rotate toward the ______

A

Toward the concavity

81
Q

When one looks at the A-P vein of a cervical X-ray, one can see the uncinate processes. On the A-P cervical X-ray, the cervical vertebrae can look somewhat like a cats head. What would the uncinate processes look like?

A

Ears

82
Q

After the age of 40, the inside of the vertebral body will carry what percentage of the compressive force placed on it?

A

35%

83
Q

Th areas of cancellous bone that appear vertical and horizontal on an X-ray are called________

A

Trabeculae

84
Q

Hemivertebra develop at what embryonic week?

A

3rd

85
Q

During lateral flexion of the cervical spine, the vertebral bodies rotate toward the ______

A

Concavity

86
Q

Lordotic curve is concaved to the _______

A

Posterior

87
Q

Joints of von-Lusaka extend from ___ to ___

A

C3-T1

88
Q

The carotid tubercle is found on which vertebra

A

C-6

89
Q

Lumbar compression fractures are found most commonly at the body of _______

A

L5

90
Q

How many total ossification centers are foun in a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

10

91
Q

What cervical vertebra has the largest spinous process?

A

C2

92
Q

Which of the following isn’t another name for functional scoliosis?

Non-structural scoliosis
Physiological scoliosis
Structural scoliosis

A

Structural scoliosis

93
Q

During lateral flexion of the cervical spine, the vertebral bodes rotate toward the _______

A

Convexity

94
Q

A hemivertebra is seen best on an ________ X-ray

A

A-P

95
Q

What rwadiographic view is used to visualize the IVF in the thoracic spine?

A

Lateral thoracic

96
Q

What is the normal curve for the lumbar spine?

A

50-60 degrees

97
Q

The _____ part of the occiput is located anterior to the foramen magnum

A

Basilar

98
Q

Uncinate processes refers to which part of the spinal column

A

Cervical spine

99
Q

The prezygaphophysis of aa typical cervical vertebra faces _____ and _____

A

Posterior and superior

100
Q

Most limited motion in lumbar spine is ______

A

Rotation

101
Q

A typical thoracic vertebra has how many articulations?

A

12

102
Q

In order to see the collar on the Scotty dog, which X ray view best demonstrates this?

A

Lumbar oblique

103
Q

At which interspace does maximum flexion occur?

A

L5/S1

104
Q

Isthmic sponylolistheiss occurs most commonly at which vertebral joint level?

A

L5

105
Q

What lines of menus ration is most often used to asses the spinal lesion known as spondylolisthesis

A

Meyerdings classification

106
Q

Another name for the internal venous plexus is _______

A

Epidural venous plexus

Spinal Anatomy (4 decks)

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