Spinal Anatomy Practic Questions Flashcards
The postzygapophysis of T8 is angled at what degree to the horizontal pane?
60 degrees
The most limited motion in the lumbar spine is?
Rotation
Hard compact bone will show up on X-rays as
Radiopague
The TVP of a typical vertebra is really composed of two parts, an anterior and a posterior part. Which of the following parts makes up the true TVP?
Diapophysis
The pleurapophysis is located on what part of the cervical TVP?
Anterior
Which of the following percentages of bone mineral change does it take to become radiographically visible?
30-40%
Origin: lower 1/2 of the ligamentum Nuchae and the SP’s of C-7 through T4. Insertion: superior to the mastoid on the temporal bone and occiput just inferior to the lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line. This information best describes which of the following muscles?
Splenius capitis
What age is a patient considered a child?
9
Name the most anterior part or portion of the posterior arch
Pedicles
An incomplete closure of the vertebra in the posterior results in _______
Spina bifida
What are the muscles that elevate the scapula?
Upper trapezius
Rhomboid major
Levator scapulae
Name the muscle that has its origin on the SPs of T2 through T5 and inserts into the medial border of the scapula
Rhomboid major
When do the pedicles fuse to the vertebral bodies?
3-6 years
What is the primary function of the facet joint?
Provide for and limit movement of the vertebral segment
The tripod theory of weight bearing states that a typical spinal vertebra will bear the compressive load of weight placed on top of it by _____________________
The two superior articular facets and the vertebral body will bear the weight
What muscle rotates the atlas on the axis?
Obliques captis inferior
The greatest amount of flexion and extension in the facet joints of the cervical spine occurs at ________
C5/6
What is the number of individual vertebral segments in the spine of a child?
24
What muscle of the back is innervated by the accessory nerve and attaches to the occiput of the skull, the spine of the scapula as well as the SP of C7-T12
Trapezius
The anterior wall of the IVF at T5/6 vertebral motor unit area is formed by the ______ _____ margins of the vertebral body of the vertebra above and the ______ between the two segments
Posterior lateral
Disc
Which layer of the articular capsule has a rich supply of sensory nerve endings?
Outer layer
The Latissimus dorsi muscle ______ the humerus
Adducts
What are other names for spina bifida?
Spondylochesis
Schistorrhachis
What area of the vertebra fuses between the ages of 16 and 20?
Epiphyseal plate
What is another name for the pre-zygapophysis?
Superior articular process
Several muscles work together to extend the neck except which one?
Splenius capitis
Scalene medius
Splenius cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Scalene medius
All of the following muscles extend and rotate the vertebral column except?
Multifidus
Semispinalis
Rotatores
Intertransversarii
Intertransversarii
A large muscle associated with the back that extends between the iliac crest and the TVP of the lumbar vertebrae and laterally flexes the lumbar spine is _______
Quadratus lumborum
What muscle laterally flexes the neck and helps to raise the first rib?
Scalenus medius
Name the msucle that originates at the ligamentum nuchae and SP of C6 through T 3 and inserts in the upper border of T2 through T5 ribs
Serratus posterior inferior
Which of the following muscles attaches to the SP of T2 through T5 and the medial border of the scapula, between the spine of the scapula?
Rhomboid major
The nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi is _______
Thoracodorsal nerve
Explain the tripod theory
The two superior articular facets and the vertebral body will bear the weight
A patient has pain on left side of his neck upon left lateral flexion and left rotation. Passive range of motion is postiive for pain in the same areas. Resistive range of motion of the same area did not produce any pain or discomfort. Is the diagnosis most likely a strain or a sprain demonstrated by this examination?
The patient has a sprain
The multifidus is supplied by the __________
Dorsal ramus of spinal nerves
What muscle has an action that adducts, extends the arm and rotates the arm medially?
Latissimus dorsi
In general the inferior articular facets of the lumbar spine face ______ degrees to the horizontal plane and rotated _____ degrees _______ to the vertical plane
90; 45 degrees laterally
What ROM is most pronounced in the lumbar spine
Flexion
The medial portion of the suboccipital triangle is
Rectus capitis posterior major
Trapezius muscle is innervated by what cranial nerve?
CN XI
________ originates on the TVP of C1 through C4 and inserts on the medial border of the scapula. When bilateral contraction occurs it extends the cervical spine. When unilateral contraction occurs it causes lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the same side
Levator scapulae
Movement in any particular direction in any spina region is determined by what?
The angle of the articular facets
The TVP forms attachement for what msucle?
Levator scapulae
How many scalene muscles are on each side?
3
Name the muscle of the back that when it is tight or in spasm, it tends to restrict the rotation of the neck. It was discussed as whenever a patient complains of restricted neck rotation, suspect this muscle
Levator scapulae
Coccygeal segments fuse at what age?
30
After the age of 40, the ______ carries the compressive load. Before the age of 40, the ______ carries the compressive load
Cortex; cancellous
When do the sacral segments fuse?
Age 9-11
Where does the first pair of spinal nerves exit from?
Occiput/C1
Lateral bending of the cervical spine to the RIGHT will cause the RIGHT SAP to move in what direction?
Glide inferior, posterior and toward the medial
What ligament covers the anterior aspect of the zygapophyseal joint?
Ligamentum flavum
The greatest amount of flexion and extension occurs where in the cervical spine.
C5/6
What is the normal ADI for a child?
O.5- 5mm
The risser’s sign is used in scoliosis evaluation for what purpose?
Determination of skeletal maturity
Where in the low back does maximum flexion occur?
L5/S1
The axis has ____ articulations
6
A-P open mouth, A-P lower cervical, neutral lateral film and a set of oblique cervical x rays. The oblique has a right marker placed in front of the cervical spine. Based on this what X ray views are you looking at?
Right posterior oblique
What muscle when tight causes a head ache but also will be painful close to the cervical SP?
Semispinalis capitis
Bone models according to imposed demands. This statement best describes _______
Wolf law
What radiographic modality is used most advantageously to visual soft tissue damage?
MRI
Which ligament calcifies and becomes the posticus Ponticus
Posterior atlantooccipital ligament
Which X ray views would you take to view the left IVF of the C4/5 motor unit
Left anterior oblique
What is George’s line used to measure?
Anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis
The LEFT IVF of the C5/6 motor units will be opened it maximum when the neck is
______ flexed, and _____ flexed to the ______
Anteriorly flexed, and laterally flexed to the right
When looking at an AP cervical x ray, the SP would appear as _______
Inverted Vs
Rheumatoid arthritis, whe it attacked the spine, is most commonly found first at which vertebral location?
Cervical facet joints
Which layer of the articular capsule has a rich supply of blood vessels?
Middle layer
What is the purpose of taking an oblique X-ray in the cervical spine?
Visualize the intervertebral foramen
Where is the first intervertebral disc located at?
C2/3
How is a scoliosis curvature named?
The direction the scoliosis convexes
You want to see the IVF of the L4/5 motor unit. Which X-ray views will allow you to see it?
Lateral lumbar
During lateral flexion int he Cervical spine, the vertebral bodies rotate toward the ______
Concavity
What is the posterior border of a typical IVF?
Zygapophyseal joint
When the patient rotates their head to the right or left, the first 50 percent of movement takes place at _______
Atlas/axis
Lateral bending of the cervical spine will cause the right SAP to glide _____, ______, and towards the ____
Superior, anterior and towards the medial
What is the normal degrees for the cervical curve?
35-45 degrees
The lordotic curve is one that is ______ toward the posterior
Concaved
DJD and DDD appears most commonly at what area of the spine?
C4-C6
Risser’s Ferguson’s angle is _____ degrees less than cobbs angle
10
During lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the SP rotate toward the ______
Toward the concavity
When one looks at the A-P vein of a cervical X-ray, one can see the uncinate processes. On the A-P cervical X-ray, the cervical vertebrae can look somewhat like a cats head. What would the uncinate processes look like?
Ears
After the age of 40, the inside of the vertebral body will carry what percentage of the compressive force placed on it?
35%
Th areas of cancellous bone that appear vertical and horizontal on an X-ray are called________
Trabeculae
Hemivertebra develop at what embryonic week?
3rd
During lateral flexion of the cervical spine, the vertebral bodies rotate toward the ______
Concavity
Lordotic curve is concaved to the _______
Posterior
Joints of von-Lusaka extend from ___ to ___
C3-T1
The carotid tubercle is found on which vertebra
C-6
Lumbar compression fractures are found most commonly at the body of _______
L5
How many total ossification centers are foun in a typical lumbar vertebra?
10
What cervical vertebra has the largest spinous process?
C2
Which of the following isn’t another name for functional scoliosis?
Non-structural scoliosis
Physiological scoliosis
Structural scoliosis
Structural scoliosis
During lateral flexion of the cervical spine, the vertebral bodes rotate toward the _______
Convexity
A hemivertebra is seen best on an ________ X-ray
A-P
What rwadiographic view is used to visualize the IVF in the thoracic spine?
Lateral thoracic
What is the normal curve for the lumbar spine?
50-60 degrees
The _____ part of the occiput is located anterior to the foramen magnum
Basilar
Uncinate processes refers to which part of the spinal column
Cervical spine
The prezygaphophysis of aa typical cervical vertebra faces _____ and _____
Posterior and superior
Most limited motion in lumbar spine is ______
Rotation
A typical thoracic vertebra has how many articulations?
12
In order to see the collar on the Scotty dog, which X ray view best demonstrates this?
Lumbar oblique
At which interspace does maximum flexion occur?
L5/S1
Isthmic sponylolistheiss occurs most commonly at which vertebral joint level?
L5
What lines of menus ration is most often used to asses the spinal lesion known as spondylolisthesis
Meyerdings classification
Another name for the internal venous plexus is _______
Epidural venous plexus
