Spinal Anatomy Flashcards
1st Branchial arch structures
Nerves: V3
Bones: Mandible, Malleus (“merkel’s cartilage), and incus (quadrate cartilage).
Muscles: Muscles of mastication & jaw closing muscles.
Apical dental ligament is a remnant of…
The notocord
The epimeric division of the mytome gives rise to…
Extensor muscles
The hypomeric division of the mytome gives rise to…
Flexor muscles
What is the most common nerve type in the nervous system?
Multipolar (motor)
All back muscles that are innervated by nerves that come off of the brachial plexus are considered to be…
Ventral primary rami
ex: rhomboids = dorsal scapular n.
The facets are innervated by…
Dorsal primary rami (medial branch)
Aka for lower motor neuron?
Final common pathway
What is the name of the floor of the floor of the fourth ventricle?
Obex
The metencephalon gives rise to which ventricle?
4th (THE ROOF ONLY)
*the floor (obex) comes from the myelencephalon)
2nd branchial arch structures
Nerve: VII
Bone: stapes, inferior cornu of hyoid bone, styloid process
Muscle: muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post. digastric.
3rd branchial arch structures
Nerve: IX
Bones: Body of hyoid, greater cornu
Muscle: stylopharyngeus
4th and 6th branchial arches
Nerve: X
Bones: Laryngeal cartilage
Muscle: Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, larynx mm
Telencephalon derivatives
Cortex/basal ganglion
CN: I
Ventricle: Lateral ventricles
Diencephalon derivatives
“Thalamus shit”
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal gland)
CN: II
Ventricle: 3rd
Mesencephalon derivatives
Midbrain
CN: III and IV
Ventricle: Aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct)
Metencephalon derivatives
Pons and Cerebellum
CN: V - VIII
Ventricle: Roof of the 4th
Myelencephalon derivatives
Medulla
CN: IX - XII
Ventricle: Floor of the 4th (known as the “Obex”
What two hormones are responsible for maintaining threshold in an action potential?
PTH and Calcitonin
*Due to their affect on calcium
VPM of the thalamus is responsible for…
Sensory to the face
VPL of the thalamus is responsible for…
Sensory to the arms and legs
*This is where the dorsal columns go to from the cuneate and gracilis (hence sensory to arms and legs)
Lateral geniculate of the thalamus is responsible for…
Sensory to the eyes
*geniculates give signal to structures OPPOSITE of where they are. i.e the medial will give sensory to the ears. TA DA!!!!
The lentiform of the basal ganglia is made up of what two structures?
The globus pallidus and putamen
* The two “P’s”
Meissner’s and auerbach’s plexuses allow for…
Peristalsis
*derived from neural crest cells
If somebody is born w/o these two plexi = Hirscprung’s disease