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Board Review Part 1 > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryological order?

A

Notochord –> Neural Plate –> Neural Groove –> Neural Tube –> Neural Crest Cells`

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2
Q

Cleft palata is failure of what 2 bones to fuse?

A

Maxillary and palatine

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3
Q

Epimere controls what?

A

Dorsal, posterior mm, EXTENSORS

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4
Q

Hypomere controls what?

A

Ventral, anterior mm, FLEXORS

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5
Q

What bones ossify through intramambranous ossification?

A

Clavicle and all flat bones of skull

*All others are enchondral

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6
Q

Ventral Posteromedial thalamus receives sensory from where?

A

Face

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7
Q

Ventral Posterolateral thalamus receives sensory from where?

A

Arms and legs

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8
Q

Lateral Geniculate Thalamus receives sensory from where?

A

Eyes

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9
Q

Medial Geniculate Thalamus receives sensory from where?

A

Ears

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10
Q

What is the midline connection of hippocampus?

A

Fornix

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11
Q

Wernickes area is destroyed by __ deficiency and causes word blindness in __ __.

A

B1
word blindness
Can read and see, but dont understand

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12
Q

Caudate Ganglia secretes __. Deficiency causes what?

A

GABA

Huntongton’s

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13
Q

Striatum Ganglion is made up of what? What separates them?

A

Putamen
caudate
-internal capsule

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14
Q

Lentiform ganglion is made up of what? degeneration causes what?

A

Globus pallidus
putamen
parkinsons

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15
Q

Absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s plexus’ causes what?

A

no peristalsis and congenital megacolon

AKA Hirschprungs Dz

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16
Q

Damage to PICA causes what?

A

Wallenberg syndrome

-Ipsilateral loss of pain and temp to head, contralateral to body

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17
Q

What gives blood to Anterior 2/3 cord?

A

Anterior Spinal artery

-from both vertebrae

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18
Q

What gives blood to Posterior 1/3 cord?

A

Posterior Spinal artery

-off radicular arteries

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19
Q

What drains into straight sinus? where is straight sinus?

A

Great cerebral vein
in tentorium cerebelli
*Great is Straight

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20
Q

What goes into the Superior Sagittal Sinus?

A

Superior Cerebral Vein

*Superior is Superior

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21
Q

Confluens of Sinuses AKA

A

Torculus Herophilus

22
Q

What feeds the lumbar and sacral sections of spinal cord?

A

LArge radicular artery AKA Artery of Adam Kiewictz

23
Q

Epidural Herorrhage is caused by dameg to…

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

24
Q

Subdural Hemorrhage is caused by damage to…

A

Venous System

25
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is caused by damage to…

A

Beri Aneurysm (Circle of willis)

26
Q

Where is carotid tubercle?

A

TP of C6

27
Q

What does rubrispinal tract do?

A

from red nucleus of midbrain

  • proximal muscle flexors of upper and lower extremities
  • marching band muscles
28
Q

What does reticulospinal tract control?

A

Extensor muscles of back and arms

29
Q

Where is corticospinal tract? what is AKA?

A

Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe (giant cells of betz)

AKA Pyramidal tract

30
Q

What does lateral corticospinal tract control?

A

flexors of distal extremities

31
Q

What does ventral corticospinal tract control?

A

flexors of trunk

32
Q

Nucleus Dorsalis of Clarke (7) runs from where to where? Where is it in spinal cord?

A

C8-L2

Lateral horn

33
Q

Where is rexed lamina 2?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

-blocks pain

34
Q

Where is Rexed nucleus 9?

A

Anterior horn, alpha motor

Anterior horn, gamma motor

35
Q

Where is rexed lamina 10?

A

Gray commissure, central canal

36
Q

Muscle Spindle complex detects what?

A

Type 1A fibers –> Stretch (Spindle = Stretch)

37
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ detects what?

A

Type 1B fibers –> Tension (Tendon = Tension)

38
Q

What tract controls response to light and sound?

A

Tectospinal

39
Q

Substantia nigra makes __ for the __

A

dopamine

thalamus

40
Q

What is insertion of Temporalis?

A

Coronoid of Mandible

41
Q

What is origin and insertion of Masseter?

A

O: Zygomatic
I: External Angle of Jaw

42
Q

External/lateral pterygoid insertion? Action?

A

Disc of TMJ
ONLY MUSCLE THAT OPENS THE JAW
-can say open/ depresses/ protrudes

43
Q

Mneumonic for muscles of mastication

A 
TIME
Temporalis
Internal/ Medial Pterygoid
Masseter
External/ Lateral Pterygoid
44
Q

What are the parasympathetic nerves?

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

S2-4 (Pelvis Splanchnic)

45
Q

What is nucleus solitarius?

A

CN 7, 9, 10

  • greatest input into parasympathetics
  • why people eat when stressed
46
Q

Disruption of cervical chain ganglion leads to what?

A

Horner’s syndrome

  • ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
  • pancoast tumor
47
Q

What is greater splanchnic nerve composed of?

A

T5-9 –> Celiac Plexus –> Digestion

48
Q

Where is lesser splanchnic N? What does it control?

A

T10-11

kidneys, adrenals

49
Q

What is the purple pigment?

A

Rhodopsin

50
Q

What is MCC of blindness in the elderly?

A

Macular degeneration

Board Review Part 1 (7 decks)

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