Spinal Anatomy Flashcards
What is the embryological order?
Notochord –> Neural Plate –> Neural Groove –> Neural Tube –> Neural Crest Cells`
Cleft palata is failure of what 2 bones to fuse?
Maxillary and palatine
Epimere controls what?
Dorsal, posterior mm, EXTENSORS
Hypomere controls what?
Ventral, anterior mm, FLEXORS
What bones ossify through intramambranous ossification?
Clavicle and all flat bones of skull
*All others are enchondral
Ventral Posteromedial thalamus receives sensory from where?
Face
Ventral Posterolateral thalamus receives sensory from where?
Arms and legs
Lateral Geniculate Thalamus receives sensory from where?
Eyes
Medial Geniculate Thalamus receives sensory from where?
Ears
What is the midline connection of hippocampus?
Fornix
Wernickes area is destroyed by __ deficiency and causes word blindness in __ __.
B1
word blindness
Can read and see, but dont understand
Caudate Ganglia secretes __. Deficiency causes what?
GABA
Huntongton’s
Striatum Ganglion is made up of what? What separates them?
Putamen
caudate
-internal capsule
Lentiform ganglion is made up of what? degeneration causes what?
Globus pallidus
putamen
parkinsons
Absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s plexus’ causes what?
no peristalsis and congenital megacolon
AKA Hirschprungs Dz
Damage to PICA causes what?
Wallenberg syndrome
-Ipsilateral loss of pain and temp to head, contralateral to body
What gives blood to Anterior 2/3 cord?
Anterior Spinal artery
-from both vertebrae
What gives blood to Posterior 1/3 cord?
Posterior Spinal artery
-off radicular arteries
What drains into straight sinus? where is straight sinus?
Great cerebral vein
in tentorium cerebelli
*Great is Straight
What goes into the Superior Sagittal Sinus?
Superior Cerebral Vein
*Superior is Superior
Confluens of Sinuses AKA
Torculus Herophilus
What feeds the lumbar and sacral sections of spinal cord?
LArge radicular artery AKA Artery of Adam Kiewictz
Epidural Herorrhage is caused by dameg to…
Middle Meningeal Artery
Subdural Hemorrhage is caused by damage to…
Venous System
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is caused by damage to…
Beri Aneurysm (Circle of willis)
Where is carotid tubercle?
TP of C6
What does rubrispinal tract do?
from red nucleus of midbrain
- proximal muscle flexors of upper and lower extremities
- marching band muscles
What does reticulospinal tract control?
Extensor muscles of back and arms
Where is corticospinal tract? what is AKA?
Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe (giant cells of betz)
AKA Pyramidal tract
What does lateral corticospinal tract control?
flexors of distal extremities
What does ventral corticospinal tract control?
flexors of trunk
Nucleus Dorsalis of Clarke (7) runs from where to where? Where is it in spinal cord?
C8-L2
Lateral horn
Where is rexed lamina 2?
Substantia gelatinosa
-blocks pain
Where is Rexed nucleus 9?
Anterior horn, alpha motor
Anterior horn, gamma motor
Where is rexed lamina 10?
Gray commissure, central canal
Muscle Spindle complex detects what?
Type 1A fibers –> Stretch (Spindle = Stretch)
Golgi Tendon Organ detects what?
Type 1B fibers –> Tension (Tendon = Tension)
What tract controls response to light and sound?
Tectospinal
Substantia nigra makes __ for the __
dopamine
thalamus
What is insertion of Temporalis?
Coronoid of Mandible
What is origin and insertion of Masseter?
O: Zygomatic
I: External Angle of Jaw
External/lateral pterygoid insertion? Action?
Disc of TMJ
ONLY MUSCLE THAT OPENS THE JAW
-can say open/ depresses/ protrudes
Mneumonic for muscles of mastication
TIME Temporalis Internal/ Medial Pterygoid Masseter External/ Lateral Pterygoid
What are the parasympathetic nerves?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2-4 (Pelvis Splanchnic)
What is nucleus solitarius?
CN 7, 9, 10
- greatest input into parasympathetics
- why people eat when stressed
Disruption of cervical chain ganglion leads to what?
Horner’s syndrome
- ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
- pancoast tumor
What is greater splanchnic nerve composed of?
T5-9 –> Celiac Plexus –> Digestion
Where is lesser splanchnic N? What does it control?
T10-11
kidneys, adrenals
What is the purple pigment?
Rhodopsin
What is MCC of blindness in the elderly?
Macular degeneration