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Board Review - Part 1 > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which ligaments is broadest in the C-spine region, narrow in the T-spine and attaches to the IVD?A.) Anterior longitudinalB.) Posterior longitudinalC.) InterspinousD.) Ligamentum flavum

A

Posterior longitudinal

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2
Q

What are the biggest nerve innervates the laryngeal muscle?A.) Esophageal branchesB.) Cardiac branchesC.) Recurrent laryngeal nerveD.) Inferior recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Inferior recurrent laryngeal nerve

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3
Q

The feature that is unique to the C-spine is?A.) Par interarticularisB.) Transverse foraminaC.) Vertebral notchD.) Accessory process

A

Transverse foramina

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4
Q

Coupling motion in the cervical spine during lateral flexion of the neck causes the vertebral body to?A.) Ipsilateral rotationB.) ExtensionC.) Contralateral rotationD.) Flexion

A

Ipsilateral rotation

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5
Q

What fibers detect pain?A.) End bulbs of KrauseB.) Organ of ruffiniC.) Meissners corpusclesD.) Free nerve endings

A

Free nerve endings

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6
Q

Which muscle attaches to the articular process of C3 through C6?A.) Rhomboic and pectoralis minorB.) SCM and trapeziusC.) Splenius capitus and clavicleD.) Semispinalis muscle

A

Semispinalis muscle

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7
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is normally contained within what space?A.) SubarachnoidB.) SubduralC.) EpiduralD.) Peridural

A

Subarachnoid

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8
Q

Foramen spinosum contains?A.) Internal carotid arteryB.) Optic nerveC.) Maxillary nerveD.) Middle meningeal artery

A

Middle meningeal artery

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9
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?A.) Mandibular nerveB.) Middle meningeal arteryC.) Opthalmic nerveD.) Maxillary nerve

A

Maxillary nerve

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10
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerves synapse at what ganglion?A.) PterygopalatineB.) SubmandibularC.) OpticD.) Ciliary

A

Ciliary

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11
Q

Which bone undergoes intermembranous ossification?A.) ParietalB.) ZygomaticC.) MandibularD.) Maxillary

A

Parietal

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12
Q

Which of the following comprise the white rami communicants?A.) Preganglionic sympatheticB.) Preganglionic parasympatheticC.) Postganglionic sympatheticD.) Postganglionic parasympathetic

A

Preganglionic sympathetic

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13
Q

The dorsal root ganglion, autonomic ganglion & schwann cells are derived from which of the following embryonic structures?A.) SclertomeB.) SomitesC.) MesodermD.) Neural crest

A

Neural crest

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14
Q

The parotid gland is innervated by which of the following nerves?A.) 3B.) 9C.) 7D.) 10

A

9

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15
Q

Location of the vertebral venous plexus?A.) PeriduralB.) SubduralC.) SubarachnoidD.) Epidural

A

Epidural

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16
Q

The glabella is part of which of the following bones?A.) MaxillaryB.) FrontalC.) ParietalD.) Occipital

A

Frontal

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17
Q

At which vertebral level does the vertebral artery enter the spine?A.) C7B.) C5C.) T1D.) C6

A

C6

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18
Q

Which of the following is transmitted through foramen ovale?A.) Opthalmic nerveB.) Mandibular nerveC.) Maxillary nerveD.) Mental meningeal artery

A

Mandibular nerve

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19
Q

The cell bodies of the gustatory fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are located in what ganglion?A.) GeniculateB.) PterygopalatineC.) Superior vagalD.) Solitary

A

Geniculate

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20
Q

The medullary pyramids contain which fibers?A.) ReticulospinalB.) RubrospinalC.) VestibulospinalD.) Corticospinal

A

Corticospinal

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21
Q

Which of the following attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible?A.) TemporalisB.) Lateral pterygoidC.) Medial pterygoidD.) Masseter

A

Temporalis

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22
Q

Which of the following vertebra has a pair of full costal facets and one pair of demi facets?A.) T12B.) T10C.) T3D.) T1

A

T1

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23
Q

Which of the following nerves supplies the SCM?A.) SupraclavicularB.) SuprascapularC.) SubscapularD.) Spinal accessory

A

Spinal accessory

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24
Q

Which of the following supplies stimmulation to the zygopophyseal joints?A.) White rami communicantsB.) Gray rami communicantsC.) Ventral ramiD.) Dorsal rami

A

Dorsal rami

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25
Q

Physiologically during extension of the lumbar spine the IVF’s _____ and the spinal cord _____?A.) Shortens, shortensB.) Lengthens, shortensC.) Lengthens, lengthensD.) Shortens, lengthens

A

Shortens, shortens

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26
Q

Auditory fibers are contained in the?A.) Lateral lemniscusB.) Superior colliculusC.) Medial lemniscusD.) Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Lateral lemnscus

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27
Q

At which level of the spinal cord is the conus medullaris found?A.) L1-L2B.) L5-S1C.) S2-S3D.) L4-L5

A

L1-L2

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28
Q

The cerebellum and pons are part of which primitive structure?A.) RhombencephalonB.) ProsencephalonC.) MesencephalonD.) Rhombencephalon

A

Rhombencephalon

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29
Q

Cranial nerve II accesses the cranial vault via?A.) Superior orbital fissureB.) Optic canalC.) Supraoptic canalD.) Foramen rotundum

A

Optic canal

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30
Q

Which vertebral structure forms the superior and inferior borders of the IVF?A.) Anterior IVDB.) LaminaC.) Posterior IVDD.) Pedicle

A

Pedicle

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31
Q

Muscles derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch are supplies by which of the following CN?A.) VIIB.) XC.) IIID.) V

A

V

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32
Q

Which of the following is excitatory to the pars compacta of the substantia nigra?A.) DopamineB.) GlycineC.) GabaD.) Glutamine

A

Glutamine

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33
Q

A posterior ponticle results from calcification of which of the following ligaments?A.) Posterior-atlanto-occipitalB.) Lateral atlanto-occipitalC.) Anterior atlanto-occipitalD.) Capsular

A

Posterior-atlanto-occipital

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34
Q

The orientation of the inferior articular facets in the lumbar is?A.) Posterior and lateralB.) Posterior and medialC.) Anterior and lateralD.) Anterior and medial

A

Anterior and medial

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35
Q

At the level of the T4, T5 vertebrae which structure is located anteriorly on the sternum?A.) Jugular notchB.) XyphoidC.) GladiolusD.) Angle of louis

A

Angle of louis

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36
Q

Which of the following peduncles connects the pons to the hindbrain?A.) Middle cerebellarB.) Superior cerebellarC.) Inferior cerebellarD.) Lateral cerebellar

A

Middle cerebellar

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37
Q

Which of the following structures does not attach the axis to the occipital bone?A.) Denticulate ligamentB.) Alar ligamentC.) Apical ligamentD.) Tectorial membrane

A

Denticulate ligament

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38
Q

Climbing fibers in the cerebellum originate in?A.) Nucleus ambiguusB.) PedunclesC.) Nucleus solitariesD.) Olivary nucleus

A

Olivary nucleus

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39
Q

Which part of the vertebra contains a groove for the vertebral artery?A.) CondylesB.) Posterior archC.) DensD.) Anterior arch

A

Posterior arch

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40
Q

The superior continuation of the PLL is the?A.) Supraspinous ligamentB.) Ligamentum flavumC.) Ligamentum nuchaeD.) Tectorial membrane

A

Tectorial membrane

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41
Q

The ocularmotor nerve does not innervate which of the following muscles?A.) Medial rectusB.) Superior obliqueC.) Inferior obliqueD.) Inferior rectus

A

Superior oblique

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42
Q

Normal orientation of the thoracic TVP is?A.) 45 degrees anterolateralB.) LateralC.) 10 degrees anterior inferiorD.) 45 degrees posterolateral

A

45 degrees posterolateral

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43
Q

The superior cerebral veins drains into which of the following?A.) Inferior sagittalB.) StraightC.) OccipitalD.) Superior sagittal sinus

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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44
Q

The uncus and amygdaloid receive fibers from?A.) Optic nerveB.) Trigeminal nerveC.) Facial nerveD.) Olfactory buld

A

Olfactory bulb

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45
Q

Which part of the following contains perilymph?A.) FrontalB.) Petrous portion of temporalC.) OccipitalD.) Sphenoid

A

Petrous portion of temporal

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46
Q

Which of the following vertebra does not have a bifid spinous process?A.) C2B.) C7C.) C3D.) C6

A

C7

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47
Q

What is the function of the emissary vein?A.) Connect the IVC to the SVCB.) To connect the prostatic vein to the lumbar veinsC.) To connect the intracranial venous sinus with the veins outside the craniumD.) To connect veins to the hand

A

To connect the intracranial venous sinus with the veins outside the cranium

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48
Q

Rods and cones of the retina synapse at which of the following cells?A.) HorizontalB.) GanglionC.) AmacrineD.) Bipolar

A

Bipolar

49
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the eye are derived from which of the following?A.) Occipital somitesB.)1st brachial archC.) Pre-optic somitesD.) 2nd brachial arch

A

Occipital somites

50
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?A.) 5B.) 10C.) 7D.) 9

A

5

51
Q

What suboccipital muscle rotates the atlas on the axis?A.) Obliques capitus inferiorB.) Rectus capitus posterior majorC.) Obliques capitus superiorD.) Rectus capitus posterior minor

A

Oblique capitus inferior

52
Q

Which of the following are stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers?A.) Anterior pituitaryB.) Adrenal cortexC.) Posterior pituitaryD.) Adrenal medulla

A

Adrenal medulla

53
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is not parasypathetic?A.) 3B.) 11C.) 6D.) 7

A

6

54
Q

Dermatomes to the middle finger is from where in the brachial plexus?A.) C5B.) C6C.) C7D.) C8

A

C7

55
Q

The joint between occiput and C1 is which type?A.) TrochoidB.) CondylarC.) SaddleD.) Hinged

A

Condylar

56
Q

Posterior chamber of the eye is located between?A.) Lent to retinaB.) Cornea to lensC.) Cornea to irisD.) Iris and lens

A

Iris and lens

57
Q

Which of the following segmental levels comprise the phrenic nerve?A.) C5, 6, 7B.) C1, 2C.) C6, 7, 8D.) C3, 4, 5

A

C3, 4, 5

58
Q

Obstruction of foramen of monroe produces greatest build-up of pressure in?A.) Lateral ventricleB.) Fourth ventricleC.) Aqueduct of SylviusD.) 3rd ventricle

A

Lateral ventricle

59
Q

Which of the following is the pathway for conscious proprioception in the brainstem?A.) Spinothalamic tractB.) Medial lemniscusC.) Central tegmental tractD.) Lateral lemniscus

A

Medial lemniscus

60
Q

Which of the following types of glial cells form myelin around the axons of the CNS?A.) Schwann cellsB.) Ependymal C.) AstrocytesD.) Oligodendrocytes

A

Oligodendrocytes

61
Q

Which of the following supplies cutaneous innervation to the lower back?A.) Thoracodorsal nerveB.) Axillary nerveC.) Anterior primary ramiD.) Posterior primary rami

A

Posterior primary rami

62
Q

Portion of the lumbar vertebrae that is between the superior and inferior articular process is?A.) Par interarticularisB.) Costal tubercleC.) Articular pillarD.) Mammillary process

A

Pars interarticularis

63
Q

At the tip of a lateral aspect of the dens there are two small grooves for the attachment of?A.) ApicalB.) AlarC.) CruciateD.) Transverse

A

Alar

64
Q

The transverse process forms the attachment for which of the following muscles?A.) External costalisB.) Transverse thoracisC.) Internal costalisD.) Levator scapulae

A

Levator scapulae

65
Q

The internal jugular vein drains which of the following?A.) Straight sinusB.) Occipital sinusC.) Superior sagittal sinusD.) Sigmoid sinus

A

Sigmoid sinus

66
Q

Globus pallidus will transmit info to?A.) Red nucleusB.) ThalamusC.) PutnamD.) Cortex

A

Cortex

67
Q

The clivus is composed of the sphenoid bone and the?A.) TemporalB.) OccipitalC.) ParietalD.) Ethmoid

A

Occipital

68
Q

Which of the following is an example of a fibrocartilaginous joint?A.) GomphosisB.) SyndesmosisC.) SymphysisD.) Condylar

A

Symphysis

69
Q

The inability to move the jaw laterally indicates damage to which of the following cranial nerves?A.) VB.) VIC.) VIID.) X

A

V

70
Q

What receptor is not sensory to the epidermis?A.) Merkel’s endingsB.) Meissner corpusclesC.) End of bulb of krauseD.) Ruffini corpuscles

A

Merkel’s endings

71
Q

The fourth ventricle is continuous with?A.) Lateral ventriclesB.) Subdural spaceC.) Epidural spaceD.) Subarachnoid space

A

Subarachnoid space

72
Q

The carotid tubercle is located on which vertebrae?A.) C7B.) T1C.) C6D.) C5

A

C6

73
Q

Somatic visceral primary neurons are derived from?A.) EndodermB.) Neural crest cellsC.) MesodermD.) Ectoderm

A

Neural crest cells

74
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves originates from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?A.) 10B.) 9C.) 5D.) 7

A

7

75
Q

Which part of the vertebrae bears the greatest amount of weight?A.) PediclesB.) FacetsC.) LaminaD.) Body

A

Body

76
Q

The most common direction for a disc to herniate is?A.) LateralB.) CentralC.) PosteromedialD.) Posterolateral

A

Posterolateral

77
Q

The limbic system is not responsible for which of the following?A.) Control emotionB.) Regulate body temperatureC.) Effect hormonesD.) Initiate muscle contraction

A

Initiate muscle contraction

78
Q

The gray rami communicantes contain which of the following fibers?A.) Postganglionic parasympatheticB.) Preganglionic sympatheticC.) Postganglionic sympatheticD.) Preganglionic parasympathetic

A

Postganglionic sympathetic

79
Q

The dorsal funiculus supplies which of the following structures?A.) SpinothalamicB.) Fasciculus gracilisC.) CorticospinalD.) Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Fasciculus gracilis

80
Q

The long thoracic nerve innervates which of the following muscles?A.) Levator scapulaeB.) SubscapularisC.) Serratus anteriorD.) Latissimus dorsi

A

Serratus anterior

81
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves goes through the cribiform plate?A.) 4B.) 3C.) 2D.) 1

A

1

82
Q

Which cell will extend from the pre-motor cortex all the way down the spinal cord?A.) Purkinje cellsB.) Alpha motor neuronC.) Sensory cellsD.) Pyramidal cell

A

Pyramidal cell

83
Q

Superior petrosal vein drains into?A.) Superior sagittal sinusB.) Transverse sinusC.) Sigmoid sinusD.) Cavernous sinus

A

Sigmoid sinus

84
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord primarily consists of?A.) Nodes of ranvierB.) Myelinated cellsC.) Nerve cell bodiesD.) Unipolar cells

A

Nerve cell bodies

85
Q

Which of the following muscles is supplied by the facial nerve?A.) Levator palpebraeB.) Posterior digastricC.) MasseterD.) Mylohyoid

A

Posterior digastric

86
Q

Which structure lies between the temporal and sphenoid bones?A.) Foramen rotundemB.) Foramen orbital fissureC.) Foramen lacerumD.) Foramen ovale

A

Foramen lacerum

87
Q

Which of the following has no rods and cones?A.) MaculaB.) FoveaC.) Periphery of retinaD.) Optic disc

A

Optic disc

88
Q

What ligament attaches lamina to lamina?A.) Anterior longitudinalB.) Posterior longitudinalC.) Ligamentum flavumD.) Supraspinatus

A

Ligamentum flavum

89
Q

The posterior groove on the odontoid process is for what ligament?A.) AlarB.) TransverseC.) CruciateD.) Apical

A

Transverse

90
Q

The dorsal lateral fasciculus does not transmit sensation of?A.) PainB.) 2 point discriminationC.) ProprioceptionD.) Vibration

A

Pain

91
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the superior oblique muscles of the eye?A.) OpticB.) TrochlearC.) AbducensD.) Oculomotor

A

Trochlear

92
Q

The vertebral arteries enter the skull through which foramen?A.) Jugular foramenB.) Foramen spinosumC.) Stylomastoid foramenD.) Foramen magnum

A

Foramen magnum

93
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is primarily made up of what muscle?A.) CoccygeusB.) Obturator externusC.) Levator aniD.) Piriformis

A

Levator ani

94
Q

Apophyseal joints are used with structures for articulation of?A.) BodiesB.) Spinal processesC.) Articular processesD.) Lamina

A

Articular processes

95
Q

Which of the following is an auditory receptor?A.) UtricleB.) Organ of cortiC.) SacculeD.) Cristae ampullaris

A

Organ of corti

96
Q

Oculomotor nerve innervates which of the following?A.) RisoriusB.) Orbicularis oculiC.) Orbicularis orisD.) Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

97
Q

Which ligament attaches the TVP of L5 to the Iliac Crest?A.) Inferior band of iliolumbar ligamentB.) Superior band of iliolumbar ligamentC.) Ligamentum flavumD.) Supraspinatus ligament

A

Superior band of iliolumbar ligament

98
Q

The spinal cord is widest at?A.) T12B.) C1C.) C6D.) L3

A

C6

99
Q

On which part of the rib is the costal groove located?A.) HeadB.) ShaftC.) NeckD.) Tubercle

A

Shaft

100
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is not parasympathetic?A.) 3B.) 6C.) 7D.) 11

A

6

101
Q

Destruction of the posterior columns results in loss of?A.) Motor functionB.) Temperature sensationC.) Vibrations sensationD.) Pain sensation

A

Vibrations sensation

102
Q

Which rib is both vertebral chondral and a false rib?A.) 12B.) 8C.) 11D.) 5

A

8

103
Q

What is confluent with the central cancel of SC?A.) Foramen of MonroeB.) Lateral ventricleC.) 4th ventricleD.) 3rd ventricle

A

4th ventricle

104
Q

Which of the following is derived from dura matter?A.) ChoroidB.) LensC.) ScleraD.) Retina

A

Sclera

105
Q

Which of the following structures is found in the cistern of the lumbar region of the spine?A.) Denticulate ligamentB.) Coccygeal ligamentC.) Cauda equinaD.) Meninges of spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

106
Q

The nuchal ligament is a continuation of?A.) Ligamentum flavumB.) Anterior longitudinal ligamentC.) Supraspinous ligamentD.) Tectorial membrane

A

Supraspinous ligament

107
Q

Which of the following is derived from the 3rd brachial arch?A.) MasseterB.) StylopharyngeusC.) Medial pterygoidD.) Orbicularis oculi

A

Stylopharyngeus

108
Q

The sponothalamic and medial lemiscal tracts send neruons through the thalamus to which of the following gyrus?A.) PrecentralB.) CingulateC.) PostcentralD.) Angular

A

Postcentral

109
Q

The splenius capitis muscle inserts into?A.) Ligamentum nucheB.) EOPC.) TVP of C1 and C2D.) Mastoid process

A

Mastoid process

110
Q

A typical thoracic vertebra has how many zygapophyseal joints?A.) 4B.) 6C.) 2D.) 8

A

4

111
Q

Which types of articulation is located between vertebral arches?A.) SyndesmosisB.) SymphysisC.) SynchondrosisD.) Synarthrosis

A

Symphysis

112
Q

Primal tracts decussate at?A.) Mid-brainB.) Internal capsuleC.) PonsD.) Medulla

A

Medulla

113
Q

The final synapse for the somesthetic sensory neurons are located in the?A.) CerebellumB.) PonsC.) MedullaD.) Thalamus

A

Thalamus

114
Q

The pons is supplied by which o the following arteries?A.) Superior cerebellarB.) Internal carotidC.) VertebralD.) Basilar

A

Basilar

115
Q

There is no intervertebral disc in which of the following locations?A.) T11/T12B.) C1/C2C.) L5/S1D.) C2/C3

A

C1/C2

116
Q

The anterior superior aspect of the vertebral body of S1 is the sacral?A.) ApexB.) PromontoryC.) AlarD.) Cornu

A

Promontory

117
Q

Which of the following bones contains the inferior orbital fissure?A.) FrontalB.) EthmoidC.) MaxillaryD.) Sphenoid

A

Sphenoid

118
Q

Which of the following is a remnant of the notochord?A.) Annulus fibrosisB.) Vertebral endplateC.) Vertebral bodyD.) Nucleus pulposus

A

Nucleus pulposus

119
Q

The crista ampularis is a feature of which of the following?A.) Cochlear ductB.) Endolymphatic ductC.) Perilymphatic ductD.) Semicochlear duct

A

Semicochlear duct

Board Review - Part 1 (5 decks)

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