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Board Review - Part 1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is not an effect on the hydrogenation of vegetable oil?A.) Prolonged shelf lifeB.) Destruction of essential fatty acidsC.) Lower melting pointD.) Decreased iodine #

A

Lower melting point

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2
Q

Which is a branch chain amino acid?A.) LeucineB.) PhenylalanineC.) TyrosineD.) Tryptophan

A

Leucine

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3
Q

What substance supplies the main fuel to the brain?A.) FatB.) GlucoseC.) ProteinsD.) Ketones

A

Glucose

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4
Q

Which of the following is not a ketone?A.) AcetoacetateB.) Beta hydroxybuyric acidC.) MevalonateD.) Acetone

A

Beta hydroxybuyric acid

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5
Q

What is the quickest to become rancid?A.) ButterB.) FatC.) Coconut oilD.) Olive oil

A

Olive oil

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6
Q

Which of the following is a precursor to prostaglandins?A.) EcosanoidsB.) TriacylglycerolsC.) SteroidsD.) Glycolipids

A

Ecosanoids

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7
Q

What type of bond holds DNA strands together?A.) EsterB.) HC.) PeptideD.) S

A

H

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8
Q

Which of the following is a pyrimidine?A.) GuanineB.) AlanineC.) AdenineD.) Uracil

A

Uracil

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9
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis yields how many ATP?A.) 0B.) 8C.) 6D.) 2

A

2

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10
Q

Which vitamin is required for the uptake of Lipoproteins in the intestines?A.) CB.) B1C.) B5D.) K

A

K

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11
Q

A deficiency of HMG CO-A will result in which of the following?A.) Decrease fat synthesisB.) Increased fat synthesisC.) Increased cholesterol synthesisD.) Decrease cholesterol synthesis

A

Decrease cholesterol synthesis

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12
Q

Which of the following minerals is an antioxidant?A.) CopperB.) MagnesiumC.) SeleniumD.) Chromium

A

Selenium

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13
Q

Which is the most active form of vitamin D?A.) 1, 25 DehydroxycalciferolB.) ErgocalciferolC.) 25 HydroxycalciferolD.) HMG CoA

A

1, 25 Dehydroxycalciferol

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14
Q

Which of the following compounds is a component of NADH & NADPH?A.) PyroxidonineB.) RibflavinC.) NiacinD.) Biotin

A

Niacin

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15
Q

Which of the following states produces the most fatty acids?A.) StarvationB.) High protein dietC.) High carbohydrate dietD.) High fat diet

A

High carbohydrate diet

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16
Q

The build-up of cholesterol will inhibit?A.) BiotinB.) NiacinC.) PhosphofructokinaseD.) HMG CoA reductase

A

HMG CoA reductase

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17
Q

In fatty acid biosynthesis, which of the following requires NADPH?A.) Ketoacyl synthaseB.) Ketoacyl reductaseC.) HydrataseD.) Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase

A

Ketoacyl reductase

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18
Q

Which provides nicotinamide?A.) LysineB.) MethionineC.) SerotoninD.) Glycine

A

Serotonin

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19
Q

Most cells can rapidly synthesize aspartate from?A.) MalateB.) OxaloacetateC.) CitrullineD.) Pyruvate

A

Oxaloacetate

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20
Q

What depicts reverse transcription?A.) RNA to RNAB.) DNA to RNAC.) DNA to DNAD.) RNA to DNA

A

RNA to DNA

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21
Q

What cycle contains coenzyme Q?A.) GlycolysisB.) TCAC.) Urea CycleD.) Electron transport chain

A

Electron transport chain

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22
Q

What are components of triglycerides?A.) Cholesterol and Fatty AcidsB.) Cholesterol and PhospholipidsC.) Fatty acids and PhospholipidsD.) Fatty acids and glycerol

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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23
Q

Which of t eh following has a non-polar side?A.) AsparaginesB.) AlanineC.) GlutamineD.) Serine

A

Alanine

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24
Q

Oxidation of FA yielding CO2 & H2O going through beta oxidation goes through?A.) TCA & GluconeogenesisB.) TCA & GlycolysisC.) Pentose phosphate pathway & TCAD.) TCA & Electron transport train

A

TCA & Electron transport chain

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25
Q

Following the action of lipoprotein lipase the very low density lipoprotein remnant becomes?A.) Free fatty acidB.) High density lipoproteinC.) Low density lipoproteinD.) All of the above

A

Low density lipoprotein

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26
Q

Which is the regulation enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis?A.) Xanthine oxidaseB.) PhosphofructokinaseC.) Lipoprotein lipaseD.) HMG CoA reductase

A

HMG CoA reductase

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27
Q

Due to liver storage and enteropathic recycling sings of a deficiency of what vitamin may not be visible for 5-6 years?A.) B12B.) B2C.) B6D.) B1

A

B12

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28
Q

Which of the following is a negative allosteric inhibitor?A.) ADPB.) Inorganic phosphateC.) ATPD.) AMP

A

ATP

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29
Q

Which of the following is not a natural triglyceride, but is present in hydrogenated triglycerides?A.) Trans-proteinsB.) Cis-fatty acidsC.) Trans-fatty acidsD.) Cis-proteins

A

Trans-fatty acids

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30
Q

Which of the following bonds are found in secondary protein structures?A.) HB.) PeptideC.) SD.) Ester

A

H

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31
Q

Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin?A.) LysineB.) PhenylalanineC.) SerotoninD.) Niacin

A

Serotonin

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32
Q

What type of bonds are between amino acids?A.) HB.) SC.) PeptideD.) Amide

A

Peptide

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33
Q

Which is the best source of dietary vitamin C?A.) Cereals and grainB.) Broccoli and fruitC.) Eggs and oilD.) Pork

A

Broccoli and fruit

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34
Q

Which are pyrimidines?A.) Adenine, guanineB.) Guanine, cytosineC.) Uracil, cytosineD.) Thiamine, adenine

A

Uracil, cytosine

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35
Q

Which is the limiting amino acid in grains?A.) LucineB.) LysineC.) MethionineD.) Lysine

A

Lysine

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36
Q

A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes which kind of anemia?A.) HyperchromicB.) PerniciousC.) HypochromicD.) Microcytic

A

Pernicious

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37
Q

The most efficient amount of protein is in?A.) EggsB.) PeanutsC.) BeefD.) Peas

A

Eggs

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38
Q

Which of the following is a major source of Ca in humans?A.) PoultryB.) Dairy productsC.) FruitD.) Grains & cereals

A

Dairy products

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39
Q

Ketones results from?A.) Gluconeogenesis of amino acidsB.) Glycolysis of glucoseC.) Beta OxidationD.) Incomplete oxidation of fats

A

Incomplete oxidation of fats

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40
Q

Sucrose can be broken down to what and what?A.) Glucose and FructoseB.) Glucose and MaltoseC.) Glucose and FructoseD.) Glucose and Glucose

A

Glucose and fructose

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41
Q

Glutamate transaminase & alanine transaminase both require?A.) ThiamineB.) NiacinC.) PyridoxineD.) Cobalamin

A

Pyridoxine

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42
Q

Oxidation of fatty acids yielding CO2 & water through beta oxidation also goes through?A.) HMP & GluconeogenesisB.) HMP shunt & TCAC.) TCA & ETCD.) TCA & Gluconeogenesis

A

TCA and ETC

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43
Q

If you ingest 200g of carbohydrates it will yield how many Kilocalories?A.) 200B.) 800C.) 1200D.) 100

A

800

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44
Q

Which is not a derivative of tyrosine?A.) ThyroxineB.) SerotoninC.) EpinephrineD.) Norepinephrine

A

Serotonin

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45
Q

Which of the following bonds are found in lipids?A.) PeptideB.) EsterC.) DisulfideD.) H

A

Ester

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46
Q

The reason that the TCA cycle cannot proceed under anaerobic conditions?A.) Cannot perform substrate level phosphorylationB.) There’s no seal available for ETCC.) Cannot regenerate NADPHD.) Cannot regenerate NAD and FAD w/o O2

A

Cannot regenerate NAD and FAD w/o O2

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47
Q

Which of the following enzymes is the apoenzyme of a holoenzyme?A.) MineralsB.) CarbohydratesC.) VitaminsD.) Proteins

A

Proteins

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48
Q

In the electron transport chain, what contains copper?A.) Cytochrome BB.) Cytochrome A3C.) Cytochrome CD.) Coenzyme Q

A

Cytochrome A3

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49
Q

Which of the following is a function of an enzyme?A.) catalyse reaction ray product is converted to a substrateB.) Consumed in reactionC.) Decrease rate of reactionD.) the activation energy

A

The activation energy

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50
Q

Which of the following pulls fatty acid across the mitochondrial membrane?A.) MalateB.) CarnitineC.) CitrateD.) Lysine

A

Carnitine

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51
Q

Which of the following vitamins are necessary for the maintenance of RBCs?A.) B6B.) B1C.) B12 & Folic AcidD.) B2

A

B12 & Folic Acid

52
Q

tRNA is responsible for?A.) Binds 2 DNA strandsB.) Information to the ribosomesC.) Supplying amino acids to complete a specific protein chainD.) Transcription of a code or protein production

A

Supplying amino acids to complete a specific protein chain

53
Q

Acidic conditions in the liver as a result of alcoholism is due to build-up of?A.) AcetateB.) Beta hydroxybutyric acidC.) Acid toneD.) Acetoacetate

A

Acetate

54
Q

What CHO has RNA as its major component?A.) FructoseB.) GlucoseC.) Alpha deoxyriboseD.) Ribose

A

Ribose

55
Q

Glycogenesis with lipolysis but no protein synthesis will lead to?A.) StarvationB.) High-fat levelsC.) Being well fedD.) glucose levels

A

Starvation

56
Q

Glucose is higher in which of the following foods?A.) EggsB.) Animal liverC.) SoyD.) Cereals

A

Cereals

57
Q

Which is not part of an animal cell membrane?A.) PhosphatidylB.) EggsC.) CholesterolD.) Tristeapisin

A

Tristeapisin

58
Q

Which of the following vitamins is lethal in high doses?A.) Vit B3B.) Vit B6C.) Vit CD.) Vit D

A

Vit D

59
Q

Which is an important adjunct in the absorption of glucose?A.) MagnesiumB.) SeleniumC.) ZincD.) Chromium

A

Chromium

60
Q

Which of the following is an important adjunct for glucose?A.) MgB.) CopperC.) ChromiumD.) Zn

A

Chromium

61
Q

Extracellular ammonia is transported from skeletal muscle to the liver by?A.) L-KetoglutarateB.) L-AlanineC.) L-GlutamateD.) L-Ornithine

A

L-Alanine

62
Q

Which is lacking in the strict vegetarian’s diet?A.) Vit DB.) Ascorbic acidC.) CobalaminD.) Tocopherol

A

Cobalamin

63
Q

What enzyme issues for breakdown of glycogen?A.) HexokinaseB.) Glycogen phosphorylaseC.) GlucokinaseD.) Glycogen synthesis

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

64
Q

Which is responsible for carboxylation reactions?A.) ThiamineB.) PyridoxineC.) BiotinD.) ATP

A

Biotin

65
Q

A 100Kg adult male requires approximately how many grams of dietary protein a day?A.) 150B.) 20C.) 75D.) 40

A

75

66
Q

The most abundant polar compound of a cell membrane is?A.) CholesterolB.) Fatty acid part of a phospholipidC.) GlycoproteinD.) Phosphate portion of phospholipid

A

Phosphate portion of phospholipid

67
Q

To generate an unsaturated fatty acid a saturated fatty acid must undergo?A.) ReductionB.) HydrogenationC.) DeaminationD.) Oxidation

A

Reduction

68
Q

As the density of lipoproteins is increased ________ decreases and ________ increases.A.) Protein, TriacylglycerolB.) Protein, sterolC.) Triacylglycerol, sterolD.) Triacylglycerol, proteins

A

Triacylglycerol, proteins

69
Q

Which of the following is a purine?A.) UracilB.) CytosineC.) ThymineD.) Guanine

A

Guanine

70
Q

What is an isomere of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?A.) Glucose-6-phosphateB.) Fructose-6-phosphateC.) PyruvateD.) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

71
Q

The source of NADPH for fatty acids synthesis is from?A.) Hexose-monophosphate shuntB.) TCAC.) Glycolytic pathwayD.) ETC

A

Hexose-monophosphate shunt

72
Q

An increase in which of the following minerals causes a decrease in blood pressure?A.) PB.) NaC.) KD.) Cl

A

K

73
Q

What lipids comprise the majority of dietary fats?A.) GlycolipidB.) LipoproteinsC.) CholesterolD.) Triglyceride

A

Triglyceride

74
Q

Which is a mucopolysaccharides?A.) AmyloseB.) Hyaluronic acidC.) GlycogenD.) Hemicellulose

A

Hyaluronic acid

75
Q

What carbon source supplies the glycerol portion of the triglyceride for lipogenesis?A.) HMG CoAB.) Acetyl CoAC.) PalmitateD.) Glucose

A

Acetyl CoA

76
Q

Which is a product of Pyruvate and can enter the TCA cycle?A.) CO2B.) OxaloaceticC.) IsocitrateD.) Acetyl CoA

A

Acetyl CoA

77
Q

Oxaloacetate is the alpha keto of?A.) ThreonineB.) Aspartic acidC.) Glutamic acidD.) Alanine

A

Aspartic acid

78
Q

Which of the following indicates that an amino acid is nonessential?A.) Ability of body to synthesize itB.) Inability of body to synthesize itC.) Can be obtained from foodD.) Body does not need it for function

A

Ability of body to synthesize it

79
Q

What amino acid is converted to indole in the intestine?A.) TryptophanB.) AlanineC.) OrnithineD.) Phenylalanine

A

Tryptophan

80
Q

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?A.) Linolenic acidB.) Palmitic acidC.) Stearic acidD.) Oleic acid

A

Linolenic acid

81
Q

Protein is first broken down in which of the following body structures?A.) KidneyB.) LiverC.) StomachD.) Skeletal muscle

A

Stomach

82
Q

Decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields what?A.) HMG-CoAB.) AcetateC.) Beta-hydroxybutyric acidD.) Acetone

A

Acetone

83
Q

What glycosidic bond is found in GlycogenA.) Alpha 1, 4B.) Beta 1, 4C.) Alpha 1, 4 & Alpha 1, 6D.) Beta 1, 6

A

Alpha 1, 4 & Alpha 1, 6

84
Q

After glycogen has been depleted from the body, what is the source of carbon?A.) KetonesB.) Dietary fatsC.) Endogenous fatsD.) Proteins

A

Proteins

85
Q

The reductive step in fatty acid biosynthesis requires?A.) NADB.) Acetyl CoAC.) FAD2D.) NADPH

A

NADPH

86
Q

Which CTA cycle intermediate is a mitochondrial membrane transporter?A.) CitrateB.) Succinyl CoAC.) Alpha KGD.) Fumarate

A

Citrate

87
Q

The biosynthesis of cholesterol begins with?A.) Malony CoAB.) SqualeneC.) Acetyl CoAD.) Mevalonate

A

Acetyle CoA

88
Q

Cholesterol is not part of which food?A.) BeefB.) Whole milkC.) PeanutsD.) Fish

A

Peanuts

89
Q

The alpha helix and data pleated sheets are what type of structures?A.) Primary protein structuresB.) Secondary protein structuresC.) Tertiary protein structuresD.) All of the above

A

Secondary protein structures

90
Q

What vitamin is used for carboxylation reaction during Gluconeogenesis?A.) ThiamineB.) NiacinC.) BiotinD.) Pyridoxine

A

Biotin

91
Q

What is a carbon glucose precursor?A.) PyruvateB.) FumarateC.) GlycerateD.) All of the above

A

Glycerate

92
Q

Which is the active form of folate?A.) DihydrofolateB.) Folic acidC.) TetrahydrofolateD.) Folacin

A

Tetrahydrofolate

93
Q

Which of the following amino acids is ketogenic?A.) LysineB.) CysterineC.) CystineD.) Methionine

A

Lysine

94
Q

Which of the following is a branch chain amino acid?A.) TyrosineB.) PhenylalanineC.) TryptophanD.) Leucine

A

Leucine

95
Q

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is responsible for xerophthalmia?A.) RetinolB.) NiacinC.) ThiamnineD.) Riboflavin

A

Retinol

96
Q

Which disease would occur if there was a deficiency in the enzyme for the conversion of phynylalanine to tyrosine?A.) KetohexoseB.) TyrosinemiaC.) Maple Syru Urine DiseaseD.) Phenylketonuria

A

Phenylketonuria

97
Q

HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting enzyme in?A.) Glycogen breakdownB.) Glycogen SynthesisC.) Cholesterol SynthesisD.) Glucose breakdown

A

Cholesterol synthesis

98
Q

Which increases the serum Ca levels?A.) ParathormoneB.) ThyroxineC.) AdrenalineD.) Calcitonin

A

Parathormone

99
Q

Which of the following affects growth factor?A.) ZincB.) Vit EC.) SeleniumD.) Vit C

A

Zinc

100
Q

What’s the final stage in the complete metabolism of fat?A.) Beta oxidation cycleB.) Aerobic GlycolysisC.) TCA cycleD.) Anaerobic Glycolysis

A

TCA cycle

101
Q

DNA complementary strand would be which for 5’ ATGCTACG 3’?A.) 5’ TCGATGC 3’B.) 3’ UACGAUGC 5’C.) 5’ TACGATGC 3’D.) 3’ TACGATGC 5’

A

3’ TACGATGC 5’

102
Q

Which is considered to be the most saturated?A.) Coconut OilB.) Sunflower OilC.) Safflower OilD.) Corn Oil

A

Coconut oil

103
Q

Beta oxidation occurs in ________ and is a ________ process?A.) Ribosomes, reductionB.) Mitochondria, reductionC.) Cytoplasm, oxidationD.) Muscles, isotonic

A

Mitochondria, reduction

104
Q

All amino acids at a pH of 7 has its isoelectric point at a pH of 6, therefore it will be?A.) Negatively chargedB.) Positively chargedC.) Its isoelectric pointD.) In the form of a Zwitter ion

A

Negatively charged

105
Q

By which mechanism do humans eliminate cholesterol?A.) Metabolism of carbon dioxideB.) Metabolism of CoAC.) Excretion via urineD.) Excretion via feces

A

Excretion via feces

106
Q

What is required for trans-skeleton reactions?A.) B6B.) B3C.) B2D.) B1

A

B1

107
Q

What type of bond holds DNA bases together?A.) SB.) HC.) EstherD.) Peptide

A

Esther

108
Q

What is the significant intermediate in cytoplasmic biosynthesis of fatty acids?A.) Beta hydroxybutyric acidB.) Malonyl CoAC.) Acid PyruvicD.) Mevalonic

A

Malonyl CoA

109
Q

The molecule that enzymes act upon is known as?A.) SubstrateB.) Amino acidsC.) ProductD.) Proteins

A

Substrate

110
Q

In which process is glucagons converted to a monosaccharide phosphate?A.) GluconeogenesisB.) GlycogenolysisC.) GlycolysisD.) Glycogenesis

A

Glycogenolysis

111
Q

How many bases are found on the carbons?A.) 3B.) 4C.) 1D.) 2

A

3

112
Q

Pantothenic acid is necessary for production of?A.) CobalaminB.) Coenzyme AC.) Cytochrome BD.) Amino Acids

A

Coenzyme A

113
Q

Homocysteine is a product of the demineralization of?A.) AlanineB.) GlutamineC.) PhenylalanineD.) Methionine

A

Methionine

114
Q

Which of the following has the highest energy compound?A.) Glucose-6-phosphateB.) AMPC.) Creatinine phosphateD.) ATP

A

Creatine phosphate

115
Q

Lack of B12 results in a deficiency of what?A.) GlycineB.) MethionineC.) HomocysteineD.) Pyruvate

A

Glycine

116
Q

What leads to ketone body synthesis?A.) Incomplete oxidation of fatsB.) Incomplete breakdown of carbsC.) Complete oxidation of fatD.) Increased levels of glucose

A

Incomplete oxidation of fats

117
Q

What amino acid is a precursor to serotonin?A.) TryptophanB.) ArgineC.) TyrosineD.) Niacin

A

Tryptophan

118
Q

Sucrose is made from the combination of what and what?A.) Glucose & FructoseB.) Glucose & GalactoseC.) Glucose & GlucoseD.) Glucose & Lactose

A

Glucose & Fructose

119
Q

Free radicals are highly radical substances that result from what type of lipids?A.) SaturationB.) EsterificationC.) PeroxidationD.) Hydrogenation

A

Peroxidation

120
Q

What is the reducing agent in fatty acid biosynthesis?A.) NADPHB.) CO2C.) BiotinD.) FAD

A

NADPH

121
Q

Dietary vitamin n E is absorbed in the intestines by?A.) Biotin & ThiamineB.) Amino acidsC.) CarbohydratesD.) Lipids

A

Lipids

122
Q

Which is a polypeptide hormone?A.) EpinephrineB.) TestosteroneC.) CortisolD.) Insulin

A

Insulin

123
Q

Purine N is derived from?A.) Amino acids/uric acidB.) Uric acid/amino acidsC.) Amino acid/ureaD.) Amino acid/creatine

A

Amino acids/uric acid

124
Q

In the initial step of the CTA, the combination of acetyl CoA & what form citrate?A.) AcetoacetateB.) PyruvateC.) MalateD.) Oxaloacetate

A

Oxaloacetate

125
Q

Glucose to lactate produces?A.) 0 ATP, 0 NADH, 2 CO2B.) 0 ATP, 2 NADH, 0 CO2C.) 2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2D.) 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 CO2

A

2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2

126
Q

If a substance contains 30% starch and 10% maltose 10% lactose 50% sucrose what % is glucose, galactose, fructose?A.) 70, 20, 10B.) 70, 10, 10C.) 70, 5, 25D.) 60, 30, 10

A

70, 5, 25

Board Review - Part 1 (5 decks)

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