Pathology Flashcards
Mask-like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension and fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristic of which of the following diseases?A.) RheumatoidB.) Raynaud’s diseaseC.) Systemic LupusD.) Scleroderma
Scleroderma
Circulatory level of which cell increase in an acute inflammatory response caused by bacterial infection?A.) LymphocyteB.) EosinophilC.) BasophilD.) Neutrophil
Neutrophil
Subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta are characteristic of which of the following?A.) Von Recklinghausen syndromeB.) Systemic lupusC.) AlkaptonuriaD.) Marfan’s syndrome
Marfan’s syndrome
What is a functional vasospastic disorder which affects small arteries and arterioles of the extremities?A.) ThrombophlebitisB.) DyspneaC.) Buerger’s diseaseD.) Raynaude’s disease
Raynaude’s disease
Which of the following is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from an immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitis?A.) AnaplasiaB.) Tuberculin reactionC.) Type 3 hypersensitivityD.) Serum sickness
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Pitting edema is typically caused by which of the following?A.) HyperthyroidismB.) Congestive heart failureC.) Cirrosis of liverD.) Myxedema
Congestive heart failure
Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which of the following vitamin deficiencies?A.) Vitamin B12B.) Vitamin AC.) Vitamin DD.) Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
The Philadelphia chromosome is a risk factor for which leukemia?A.) Chronic lymphocyticB.) Acute lymphocyticC.) Chronic myelocyticD.) Acute myelocytic
Chronic myelocytic
Patchy consolidation of the lung is characteristic of?A.) EmphysemaB.) BronchopneumoniaC.) BronchitisD.) Bronchial asthma
Bronchopneumonia
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcoholism and is due to which of the following?A.) B1B.) CC.) B3D.) B8
B1
Synovial thickening and secretory inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following?A.) TB arthritisB.) OsteoarthritisC.) Gouty arthritisD.) Raccoon bite
Gouty arthritis
Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?A.) ProstateB.) BreastC.) ColonD.) Lung
Prostate
Thombosis and embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?A.) Inferior mesenteric veinB.) Superior mesenteric veinC.) Superior mesenteric artery D.) Inferior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
X-linked gamma globulinemia of bruton is characterized by?A.) T-cell deficiencyB.) Sexual transmissionC.) Autosomal in malesD.) B-cell deficiency
B-cell deficiency
Antibody synthesis is a primary function of?A.) BasophilsB.) NeutrophilsC.) Plasma cellsD.) Monocytes
Plasma cells
Which of the following procedures exudative lesions caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and contains caseous?A.) Brodie’s abscessB.) Aschoff bodiesC.) Ghon lesionD.) Guarnieri bodies
Ghon lesion
Who is considered the father of pathology?A.) PastureB.) JennerC.) KochD.) Lister
Pasture
In most types of allergic injuries the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability is mediated by which of the following?A.) HistamineB.) The Hoffman factorC.) ComplementD.) Anaphylatoxin
Histamine
Sequestra frequently accompanies which of the following?A.) Pyogenic osteomyelitisB.) TeneosynovitisC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Osteoarthritis
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
Which of the following is responsible for post infectious glomulonephritis?A.) Staph aureusB.) Beta hemolytic strepC.) Group D staphylococcusD.) Staphylococcus streptococcus
Beta hemolytic strep
Fatty liver, edema & atrophy of the small bowel are characteristics in which of the following?A.) MarasmusB.) Riboflavin deficiencyC.) PellagraD.) Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor
Who is the most infectious member of the family?A.) Middle aged malesB.) Pregnant femalesC.) Middle aged malesD.) School aged children
School aged children
A young male from central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the area of the jaw?A.) KeratoacanthomaB.) MelanomaC.) Burketts lymphomaD.) Squamous cell carcinoma
Burketts lymphoma
Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tonus & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities & weakness of respiratory muscles characterizes which of the following deficiencies?A.) KB.) MgC.) ClD.) Ca
Ca
When there is degeneration of the lateral cells, which of the following is affected?A.) Temperature sensationB.) Autonomic functionC.) Motor skillD.) Vibration sense
Autonomic function
Which of the following causes localized edema and accompanies filariasis?A.) Decreased osmotic pressureB.) Increased venous pressureC.) Lymphatic obstructionD.) Increased hydrostatic
Lymphatic obstruction
Coccidioidoomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs?A.) HeartB.) IntestineC.) LungD.) Skin
Lung
Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to?A.) MeaslesB.) Chicken poxC.) MumpsD.) Herpes simplex
Measles
Which of the following is the type of cell which is predominantly produced by inflammatory response to a Salmonella infection?A.) EosinophilsB.) NeutrophilsC.) MononuclearD.) Plasmocyte
Neutrophils
The most threatening characteristic Guillian-Barre syndrome affects what muscles?A.) RespiratoryB.) GastricC.) MyocardialD.) Smooth
Respiratory
When there is degeneration of the lateral cells which of the following is affected?A.) Vibration senseB.) Autonomic functionC.) Temperature sensationD.) Motor skill
Motor skill
Tensile stretch is proteinaceous deposition of what in wound healing?A.) Vitamin CB.) AmineC.) ReticulumD.) Collagen
Collagen
A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which lymphoma?A.) ALLB.) Burkett’sC.) Hodgkin’sD.) Non-hodgkins
Burkett’s
A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates in the?A.) Upper extremityB.) KidneyC.) BrainD.) Lower extremity
Lower extremity
Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the intrinsic GI tract?A.) AdenocarcinomaB.) Crohn’s diseaseC.) Ulcerative colitisD.) Peutz Jeghers disease
Peutz Jeghers disease
In which of the following muscle disorders is pseudohypertrophy most common?A.) Myasthenia gravisB.) Myotonic dystrophyC.) Beckers dystrophyD.) Duchenne’s dystrophy
Duchenne’s dystrophy
Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the?A.) Temporal arteryB.) Abdominal arteriesC.) Occipital arteriesD.) Muscular arteries
Temporal artery
Which of the following occurs in a keloid?A.) Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissueB.) Early granulomatous diseaseC.) Benign tumorD.) Response to wound healing
Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissue
Tuberculosis of the spine is AKA for?A.) Ankylosing spondylitisB.) DJDC.) DDDD.) Pott’s disease
Pott’s disease
The primary biochemical requirement for the clinical diagnosis of gout in the blood is?A.) PB.) Uric acidC.) AlcoholD.) Calcium
Uric acid
A deficiency of vitamin C most often effects?A.) NervesB.) Hemopoietic tissueC.) MusclesD.) Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize in the?A.) VertebraB.) LungsC.) Skeletal muscleD.) Liver
Lungs
Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which of the following vitamin deficiencies?A.) Vitamin DB.) Vitamin AC.) Vitamin CD.) Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12
What is the result in the cell as consequence of thyroid goiter?A.) AnaplasiaB.) MetaplasiaC.) DysplasiaD.) Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to which of the following?A.) CarcinomaB.) ThiamineC.) Folic acidD.) Megaloblastic anemia
Megoplastic anemia
Which of the following procedures exudative lesions caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and contains caseous?A.) Guarnieri bodiesB.) Ghon lesionC.) Aschoff bodiesD.) Brodies’ abscess
Ghon lesion
What causes hoarseness associated with carcinoma in the apex of the lung?A.) Metastasis of the speech areaB.) Esophageal atresiaC.) Laryngeal nerve damageD.) Increased sputum
Laryngeal nerve damage
Intercranial calcification occurs most commonly in?A.) EpendymomaB.) MedulloblastomaC.) AstrocytomaD.) Oligodendroglioma
Oligodendroglioma
Which of the following is pseudohypertrophic most common in?A.) Duchenne’s dystrophyB.) Beckers dystrophyC.) Masthenia gravisD.) Myotonic dystrophy
Duchenne’s dystrophy
Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?A.) SequestrumB.) LimbusC.) InvolucrumD.) Cloaca
Sequestrum
Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to?A.) MeaslesB.) Herpes simplexC.) Chicken poxD.) Mumps
Measles
Which of the following secrete both heparin and histamine?A.) EosinophilsB.) Plasma cellsC.) Mast cellsD.) Monocytes
Mast cells
Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors?A.) Hyntington’s diseaseB.) Myasthenia gravisC.) Parkinsons diseaseD.) Alzheimer’s
Parkinsons disease
Which characteristic is least suggestive of a malignancy in a growing tumor?A.) Circumfacial erosionB.) Fibers capsuleC.) Local lymphatic enlargementD.) Anaplasia
Fibers capsule
Thrombosis and embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?A.) Superior mesenteric veinB.) Superior mesenteric arteryC.) Inferior mesenteric veinD.) Inferior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital absence or parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation and dilation of the colon?A.) Horner’s syndromeB.) Hirschsprung’s diseaseC.) Merkel’s diverticulumD.) Chagas disease
Hirschsprung’s disease
Which is not characterized by a granulomatous inflammation?A.) ActinomycosisB.) SarcoidosisC.) TuberculosisD.) Candidiasis
Candidiasis
Subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta are characteristic of which of the following?A.) Systemic lupusB.) AlkaptonuriaC.) Von Recklinghausen syndromeD.) Marfan’s syndrome
Marfan’s syndrome
Toxic megacolon is a complication of?A.) Regional enteritisB.) Ulcerative colitisC.) Ischemic colitisD.) Granulomatous colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?A.) ProstateB.) LungC.) ColonD.) Breast
Prostate
Which of the following causes localized edema and accompanies filariasis?A.) Increased hydrostatic pressureB.) Increased venous pressureC.) Lymphatic obstructionD.) Decreased osmotic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration of which of the following arteries?A.) Middle cerebralB.) Middle meningeal arteryC.) Internal carotidD.) Superficial temporal
Middle meningeal artery
Which of the following is an autosomal glucocerebral disease with hepatosplenomegaly?A.) Lyme’s diseaseB.) KleinfeltersC.) MarfansD.) Gauchers
Gauchers
Pannus formation is characterized in the pathogenesis of?A.) GoutB.) Rheumatic feverC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction?A.) Acute gastritisB.) Panacinar emphysemaC.) TuberculosisD.) Pernicous anemia
Panacinar emphysema
Which of the following conditions is probably present if, upon palpation, the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated?A.) Prostate carcinomaB.) Granulomatous prostateC.) Benign prostatic hypertrophyD.) Prostatitis
Prostate carcinoma
Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve?A.) Elderly malesB.) Athletic malesC.) ChildrenD.) Pregnant females
Pregnant females
The substrate of a fully differentiated cell type to another is known as?A.) MetaplasiaB.) DysplasiaC.) AnaplasiaD.) Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dry eyes and mouth dry mouth with the symptoms of an autoimmune disease are characteristic of?A.) Sjrogen’s syndromeB.) Reiters syndromeC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Scleroderma
Sjrogen’s syndrome
Which of the following causes hypoxia without ischemia?A.) EmbolismB.) ThrombosisC.) Arterial compression D.) Anemia
Anemia
Which of the following diseases produce symptoms due primarily to demyelination of peripheral motor nerve axons?A.) Myasthenia gravisB.) Post-infectious polyradiculitisC.) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisD.) Multiple sclerosis
Post-infectious polyradiculitis
Which of the following substances is produced in the cells and increases inflammation due to tissue damage?A.) ThrombusB.) Prostaglandin’sC.) LeukotrieneD.) Histamine
Histamine
Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B27 test and an increased risk of deformity?A.) SLEB.) Ankylosing spondylitisC.) Reiters syndromeD.) Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tonus & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities & weakness of respiratory muscles characterizes which of the following deficiencies?A.) ClB.) MgC.) KD.) Ca
Ca
Which of the following tumors is comprised of germ cell layers?A.) LipomaB.) SarcomaC.) MyelomaD.) Teratoma
Teratoma
What type of collagen is found 1st or earliest?A.) 2B.) 4C.) 1D.) 3
3
A deficiency in which of the following trace elements results in tetomy similar to that which accompanies hypocalcemia?A.) FeB.) MgC.) CuD.) Zn
Mg
Serum sickness is an example of?A.) Antibody antigen mediated complexB.) Delayed immunityC.) Immune complexD.) T-cell mediated complex
Immune complex
Which of the following is pseudohypertrophic most common in?A.) Myotonic dystrophyB.) Duchenne’s dystrophyC.) Beckers dystrophyD.) Myasthenia gravis
Duchenne’s dystrophy
Vascular tumors originate in which cell type?A.) MacrophagesB.) HistocyteC.) FibrinogenD.) Endothelial
Endothelial
Which of the following is the type of cell which is predominantly produced by inflammatory response to a Salmonella infection?A.) NeutrophilsB.) PlasmocyteC.) MononuclearD.) Eosinophils
Neutrophils
The most common site of cardiac valvular regurgitation are which valves?A.) Mitral and aorticB.) Tricuspid and aorticC.) Aortic and pulmonaryD.) Mitral and tricuspid
Mitral and aortic
Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to?A.) MeaslesB.) Herpes simplexC.) Chicken poxD.) Mumps
Measles
What is a functional vasospastic disorder which affects small arteries and arterioles of the extremities?A.) ThrombophelbitisB.) Raynaud’s diseaseC.) Buerger’s diseaseD.) Dyspenea
Raynaud’s disease
Almost all pathological changes of SLE involve which of the followingA.) GammaB.) Increased IgGC.) Increased immune cellsD.) Increased cytotoxins
Increased immune cells
Which type of disease is ankylosing spondylitis?A.) AutoimmuneB.) InflammatoryC.) InfectiousD.) Degenerative
Inflammatory
Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints?A.) Rheumatoid arthritisB.) OsteoarthritisC.) Gouty arthritisD.) Migratory polyarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Hyperglycemia, obesity and osteopenia are characteristic of?A.) Diabetes mellitusB.) HyperparathyroidismC.) HyperaldosteronismD.) Hypercortisolism
Hypercortisolism
Which is not characterized by a granulomatous inflammation?A.) SarcoidosisB.) TuberculosisC.) ActinomycosisD.) Candidiasis
Candidiasis
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following?A.) ThiamineB.) CarcinomaC.) Folic acidD.) Megaloblastic anemia
Megoblastic anemia
Which of the following organisms is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients?A.) TBB.) ToxoplasmosisC.) Pneumococcal pneumoniaD.) Pneumocystis carinii
Pneumocystis carinii
Cardiac tamponade is defined as?A.) Aortic stenosisB.) Fluid in pericardial spaceC.) Excess fluid in capillariesD.) Increased fluid in veins
Fluid in pericardial space
In which of the following muscle disorders is pseudohypertrophy most common?A.) Myasthenia gravisB.) Beckerrs dystrophyC.) Duchenne’s dystrophyD.) Myotonic dystrophy
Duchenne’s dystrophy
Loss of braking skills, the lack of ability to stop forward movement of the hand when reaching for something results from blockage of?A.) CortexB.) CerebellumC.) MedullaD.) Brainstem
Cerebellum
Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital absence or parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation and dilation of the colon?A.) Chagas diseaseB.) Merkel’s diverticulumC.) Horners syndromeD.) Hirschsprungs disease
Hirschsprungs disease
Pitting edema is typically caused by which of the following?A.) Congestive heart failureB.) Cirrosis of liverC.) MyxedemaD.) Hyperthyroidism
Congestive heart failure
Kaposis sarcoma occurs in 1/3 of patients with?A.) DermatitisB.) Lupus erythematosusC.) AIDSD.) Tuberculosis
AIDS
Chronic passive congestion of the liver is typically seen in which of the following conditions?A.) Myocardial infarctionB.) HypertensionC.) Left heart failureD.) Right heart failure
Right heart failure
Hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain is a likely result in?A.) AnosmiaB.) AphasiaC.) ComaD.) Blindness
Coma
Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize in the?A.) LiverB.) VertrebraC.) LungsD.) Skeletal muscle
Lungs
Patchy consolidation of the lung is characteristic of?A.) BronchopneumoniaB.) Bronchial asthmaC.) BronchitisD.) Emphysema
Bronchopneumonia
Which of the following conditions is characterized by T cell deficiency due to lack of development of 3 and 4 pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of heart great vessels, mouth, and ears?A.) T-helperB.) Wischott AldrichC.) B-cellsD.) Improper clotting
T-helper
Thrombosis and embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?A.) Superior mesenteric veinB.) Inferior mesenteric arteryC.) Inferior mesenteric veinD.) Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates in the?A.) Upper extremityB.) Lower extremityC.) BrainD.) Kidney
Lower extremity
Gigantism and acromegaly result from an increase in?A.) TSHB.) SomatotropinC.) CortisolA.) Insulin
Somatotropin
X-linked gamma globulinemia of bruton is characterized by?A.) Autosomal in malesB.) T-cell deficiencyC.) B-cell deficiencyD.) Sexual transmission
B-cell deficiency
Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is most common in patients under 40?A.) Graves diseaseB.) Iodine-induced hyperthyroiditisC.) All of the aboveD.) Struma ovarii
Graves disease
Which represents a type II hypersensitivity?A.) Rheumatoid arthritisB.) ErythroblastosisC.) RagweedD.) Poison ivy rash
Erythroblastosis
Dilation of the inner mammary and subscapular arteries hypertension and weakness of the upper libs with decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following?A.) Twisting of the aortaB.) Patent ductus arteriosusC.) Coarctation of the aortaD.) Aortic insufficiency
Coarctation of the aorta
Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?A.) Poison oakB.) Food allergyC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Incomplete blood transfusion
Rheumatoid arthritis
Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?A.) LungeB.) ColonC.) BreastD.) Prostate
Prostate
The most common malignant tumor of the large intestine is?A.) LymphomaB.) Squamous cell carcinomaC.) CancroidD.) Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
