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Board Review - Part 1 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Mask-like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension and fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristic of which of the following diseases?A.) RheumatoidB.) Raynaud’s diseaseC.) Systemic LupusD.) Scleroderma

A

Scleroderma

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2
Q

Circulatory level of which cell increase in an acute inflammatory response caused by bacterial infection?A.) LymphocyteB.) EosinophilC.) BasophilD.) Neutrophil

A

Neutrophil

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3
Q

Subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta are characteristic of which of the following?A.) Von Recklinghausen syndromeB.) Systemic lupusC.) AlkaptonuriaD.) Marfan’s syndrome

A

Marfan’s syndrome

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4
Q

What is a functional vasospastic disorder which affects small arteries and arterioles of the extremities?A.) ThrombophlebitisB.) DyspneaC.) Buerger’s diseaseD.) Raynaude’s disease

A

Raynaude’s disease

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5
Q

Which of the following is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from an immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitis?A.) AnaplasiaB.) Tuberculin reactionC.) Type 3 hypersensitivityD.) Serum sickness

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Pitting edema is typically caused by which of the following?A.) HyperthyroidismB.) Congestive heart failureC.) Cirrosis of liverD.) Myxedema

A

Congestive heart failure

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7
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which of the following vitamin deficiencies?A.) Vitamin B12B.) Vitamin AC.) Vitamin DD.) Vitamin C

A

Vitamin B12

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8
Q

The Philadelphia chromosome is a risk factor for which leukemia?A.) Chronic lymphocyticB.) Acute lymphocyticC.) Chronic myelocyticD.) Acute myelocytic

A

Chronic myelocytic

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9
Q

Patchy consolidation of the lung is characteristic of?A.) EmphysemaB.) BronchopneumoniaC.) BronchitisD.) Bronchial asthma

A

Bronchopneumonia

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10
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcoholism and is due to which of the following?A.) B1B.) CC.) B3D.) B8

A

B1

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11
Q

Synovial thickening and secretory inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following?A.) TB arthritisB.) OsteoarthritisC.) Gouty arthritisD.) Raccoon bite

A

Gouty arthritis

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12
Q

Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?A.) ProstateB.) BreastC.) ColonD.) Lung

A

Prostate

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13
Q

Thombosis and embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?A.) Inferior mesenteric veinB.) Superior mesenteric veinC.) Superior mesenteric artery D.) Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

X-linked gamma globulinemia of bruton is characterized by?A.) T-cell deficiencyB.) Sexual transmissionC.) Autosomal in malesD.) B-cell deficiency

A

B-cell deficiency

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15
Q

Antibody synthesis is a primary function of?A.) BasophilsB.) NeutrophilsC.) Plasma cellsD.) Monocytes

A

Plasma cells

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16
Q

Which of the following procedures exudative lesions caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and contains caseous?A.) Brodie’s abscessB.) Aschoff bodiesC.) Ghon lesionD.) Guarnieri bodies

A

Ghon lesion

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17
Q

Who is considered the father of pathology?A.) PastureB.) JennerC.) KochD.) Lister

A

Pasture

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18
Q

In most types of allergic injuries the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability is mediated by which of the following?A.) HistamineB.) The Hoffman factorC.) ComplementD.) Anaphylatoxin

A

Histamine

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19
Q

Sequestra frequently accompanies which of the following?A.) Pyogenic osteomyelitisB.) TeneosynovitisC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Osteoarthritis

A

Pyogenic osteomyelitis

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20
Q

Which of the following is responsible for post infectious glomulonephritis?A.) Staph aureusB.) Beta hemolytic strepC.) Group D staphylococcusD.) Staphylococcus streptococcus

A

Beta hemolytic strep

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21
Q

Fatty liver, edema & atrophy of the small bowel are characteristics in which of the following?A.) MarasmusB.) Riboflavin deficiencyC.) PellagraD.) Kwashiorkor

A

Kwashiorkor

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22
Q

Who is the most infectious member of the family?A.) Middle aged malesB.) Pregnant femalesC.) Middle aged malesD.) School aged children

A

School aged children

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23
Q

A young male from central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the area of the jaw?A.) KeratoacanthomaB.) MelanomaC.) Burketts lymphomaD.) Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Burketts lymphoma

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24
Q

Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tonus & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities & weakness of respiratory muscles characterizes which of the following deficiencies?A.) KB.) MgC.) ClD.) Ca

A

Ca

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25
Q

When there is degeneration of the lateral cells, which of the following is affected?A.) Temperature sensationB.) Autonomic functionC.) Motor skillD.) Vibration sense

A

Autonomic function

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26
Q

Which of the following causes localized edema and accompanies filariasis?A.) Decreased osmotic pressureB.) Increased venous pressureC.) Lymphatic obstructionD.) Increased hydrostatic

A

Lymphatic obstruction

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27
Q

Coccidioidoomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs?A.) HeartB.) IntestineC.) LungD.) Skin

A

Lung

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28
Q

Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to?A.) MeaslesB.) Chicken poxC.) MumpsD.) Herpes simplex

A

Measles

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29
Q

Which of the following is the type of cell which is predominantly produced by inflammatory response to a Salmonella infection?A.) EosinophilsB.) NeutrophilsC.) MononuclearD.) Plasmocyte

A

Neutrophils

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30
Q

The most threatening characteristic Guillian-Barre syndrome affects what muscles?A.) RespiratoryB.) GastricC.) MyocardialD.) Smooth

A

Respiratory

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31
Q

When there is degeneration of the lateral cells which of the following is affected?A.) Vibration senseB.) Autonomic functionC.) Temperature sensationD.) Motor skill

A

Motor skill

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32
Q

Tensile stretch is proteinaceous deposition of what in wound healing?A.) Vitamin CB.) AmineC.) ReticulumD.) Collagen

A

Collagen

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33
Q

A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which lymphoma?A.) ALLB.) Burkett’sC.) Hodgkin’sD.) Non-hodgkins

A

Burkett’s

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34
Q

A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates in the?A.) Upper extremityB.) KidneyC.) BrainD.) Lower extremity

A

Lower extremity

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35
Q

Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the intrinsic GI tract?A.) AdenocarcinomaB.) Crohn’s diseaseC.) Ulcerative colitisD.) Peutz Jeghers disease

A

Peutz Jeghers disease

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36
Q

In which of the following muscle disorders is pseudohypertrophy most common?A.) Myasthenia gravisB.) Myotonic dystrophyC.) Beckers dystrophyD.) Duchenne’s dystrophy

A

Duchenne’s dystrophy

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37
Q

Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the?A.) Temporal arteryB.) Abdominal arteriesC.) Occipital arteriesD.) Muscular arteries

A

Temporal artery

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38
Q

Which of the following occurs in a keloid?A.) Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissueB.) Early granulomatous diseaseC.) Benign tumorD.) Response to wound healing

A

Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissue

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39
Q

Tuberculosis of the spine is AKA for?A.) Ankylosing spondylitisB.) DJDC.) DDDD.) Pott’s disease

A

Pott’s disease

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40
Q

The primary biochemical requirement for the clinical diagnosis of gout in the blood is?A.) PB.) Uric acidC.) AlcoholD.) Calcium

A

Uric acid

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41
Q

A deficiency of vitamin C most often effects?A.) NervesB.) Hemopoietic tissueC.) MusclesD.) Connective tissue

A

Connective tissue

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42
Q

Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize in the?A.) VertebraB.) LungsC.) Skeletal muscleD.) Liver

A

Lungs

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43
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which of the following vitamin deficiencies?A.) Vitamin DB.) Vitamin AC.) Vitamin CD.) Vitamin B12

A

Vitamin B12

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44
Q

What is the result in the cell as consequence of thyroid goiter?A.) AnaplasiaB.) MetaplasiaC.) DysplasiaD.) Hyperplasia

A

Hyperplasia

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45
Q

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to which of the following?A.) CarcinomaB.) ThiamineC.) Folic acidD.) Megaloblastic anemia

A

Megoplastic anemia

46
Q

Which of the following procedures exudative lesions caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and contains caseous?A.) Guarnieri bodiesB.) Ghon lesionC.) Aschoff bodiesD.) Brodies’ abscess

A

Ghon lesion

47
Q

What causes hoarseness associated with carcinoma in the apex of the lung?A.) Metastasis of the speech areaB.) Esophageal atresiaC.) Laryngeal nerve damageD.) Increased sputum

A

Laryngeal nerve damage

48
Q

Intercranial calcification occurs most commonly in?A.) EpendymomaB.) MedulloblastomaC.) AstrocytomaD.) Oligodendroglioma

A

Oligodendroglioma

49
Q

Which of the following is pseudohypertrophic most common in?A.) Duchenne’s dystrophyB.) Beckers dystrophyC.) Masthenia gravisD.) Myotonic dystrophy

A

Duchenne’s dystrophy

50
Q

Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?A.) SequestrumB.) LimbusC.) InvolucrumD.) Cloaca

A

Sequestrum

51
Q

Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to?A.) MeaslesB.) Herpes simplexC.) Chicken poxD.) Mumps

A

Measles

52
Q

Which of the following secrete both heparin and histamine?A.) EosinophilsB.) Plasma cellsC.) Mast cellsD.) Monocytes

A

Mast cells

53
Q

Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors?A.) Hyntington’s diseaseB.) Myasthenia gravisC.) Parkinsons diseaseD.) Alzheimer’s

A

Parkinsons disease

54
Q

Which characteristic is least suggestive of a malignancy in a growing tumor?A.) Circumfacial erosionB.) Fibers capsuleC.) Local lymphatic enlargementD.) Anaplasia

A

Fibers capsule

55
Q

Thrombosis and embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?A.) Superior mesenteric veinB.) Superior mesenteric arteryC.) Inferior mesenteric veinD.) Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Superior mesenteric artery

56
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital absence or parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation and dilation of the colon?A.) Horner’s syndromeB.) Hirschsprung’s diseaseC.) Merkel’s diverticulumD.) Chagas disease

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

57
Q

Which is not characterized by a granulomatous inflammation?A.) ActinomycosisB.) SarcoidosisC.) TuberculosisD.) Candidiasis

A

Candidiasis

58
Q

Subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta are characteristic of which of the following?A.) Systemic lupusB.) AlkaptonuriaC.) Von Recklinghausen syndromeD.) Marfan’s syndrome

A

Marfan’s syndrome

59
Q

Toxic megacolon is a complication of?A.) Regional enteritisB.) Ulcerative colitisC.) Ischemic colitisD.) Granulomatous colitis

A

Ulcerative colitis

60
Q

Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?A.) ProstateB.) LungC.) ColonD.) Breast

A

Prostate

61
Q

Which of the following causes localized edema and accompanies filariasis?A.) Increased hydrostatic pressureB.) Increased venous pressureC.) Lymphatic obstructionD.) Decreased osmotic pressure

A

Lymphatic obstruction

62
Q

Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration of which of the following arteries?A.) Middle cerebralB.) Middle meningeal arteryC.) Internal carotidD.) Superficial temporal

A

Middle meningeal artery

63
Q

Which of the following is an autosomal glucocerebral disease with hepatosplenomegaly?A.) Lyme’s diseaseB.) KleinfeltersC.) MarfansD.) Gauchers

A

Gauchers

64
Q

Pannus formation is characterized in the pathogenesis of?A.) GoutB.) Rheumatic feverC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Osteoarthritis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

65
Q

Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction?A.) Acute gastritisB.) Panacinar emphysemaC.) TuberculosisD.) Pernicous anemia

A

Panacinar emphysema

66
Q

Which of the following conditions is probably present if, upon palpation, the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated?A.) Prostate carcinomaB.) Granulomatous prostateC.) Benign prostatic hypertrophyD.) Prostatitis

A

Prostate carcinoma

67
Q

Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve?A.) Elderly malesB.) Athletic malesC.) ChildrenD.) Pregnant females

A

Pregnant females

68
Q

The substrate of a fully differentiated cell type to another is known as?A.) MetaplasiaB.) DysplasiaC.) AnaplasiaD.) Hyperplasia

A

Metaplasia

69
Q

Dry eyes and mouth dry mouth with the symptoms of an autoimmune disease are characteristic of?A.) Sjrogen’s syndromeB.) Reiters syndromeC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Scleroderma

A

Sjrogen’s syndrome

70
Q

Which of the following causes hypoxia without ischemia?A.) EmbolismB.) ThrombosisC.) Arterial compression D.) Anemia

A

Anemia

71
Q

Which of the following diseases produce symptoms due primarily to demyelination of peripheral motor nerve axons?A.) Myasthenia gravisB.) Post-infectious polyradiculitisC.) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisD.) Multiple sclerosis

A

Post-infectious polyradiculitis

72
Q

Which of the following substances is produced in the cells and increases inflammation due to tissue damage?A.) ThrombusB.) Prostaglandin’sC.) LeukotrieneD.) Histamine

A

Histamine

73
Q

Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B27 test and an increased risk of deformity?A.) SLEB.) Ankylosing spondylitisC.) Reiters syndromeD.) Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

74
Q

Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tonus & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities & weakness of respiratory muscles characterizes which of the following deficiencies?A.) ClB.) MgC.) KD.) Ca

A

Ca

75
Q

Which of the following tumors is comprised of germ cell layers?A.) LipomaB.) SarcomaC.) MyelomaD.) Teratoma

A

Teratoma

76
Q

What type of collagen is found 1st or earliest?A.) 2B.) 4C.) 1D.) 3

A

3

77
Q

A deficiency in which of the following trace elements results in tetomy similar to that which accompanies hypocalcemia?A.) FeB.) MgC.) CuD.) Zn

A

Mg

78
Q

Serum sickness is an example of?A.) Antibody antigen mediated complexB.) Delayed immunityC.) Immune complexD.) T-cell mediated complex

A

Immune complex

79
Q

Which of the following is pseudohypertrophic most common in?A.) Myotonic dystrophyB.) Duchenne’s dystrophyC.) Beckers dystrophyD.) Myasthenia gravis

A

Duchenne’s dystrophy

80
Q

Vascular tumors originate in which cell type?A.) MacrophagesB.) HistocyteC.) FibrinogenD.) Endothelial

A

Endothelial

81
Q

Which of the following is the type of cell which is predominantly produced by inflammatory response to a Salmonella infection?A.) NeutrophilsB.) PlasmocyteC.) MononuclearD.) Eosinophils

A

Neutrophils

82
Q

The most common site of cardiac valvular regurgitation are which valves?A.) Mitral and aorticB.) Tricuspid and aorticC.) Aortic and pulmonaryD.) Mitral and tricuspid

A

Mitral and aortic

83
Q

Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to?A.) MeaslesB.) Herpes simplexC.) Chicken poxD.) Mumps

A

Measles

84
Q

What is a functional vasospastic disorder which affects small arteries and arterioles of the extremities?A.) ThrombophelbitisB.) Raynaud’s diseaseC.) Buerger’s diseaseD.) Dyspenea

A

Raynaud’s disease

85
Q

Almost all pathological changes of SLE involve which of the followingA.) GammaB.) Increased IgGC.) Increased immune cellsD.) Increased cytotoxins

A

Increased immune cells

86
Q

Which type of disease is ankylosing spondylitis?A.) AutoimmuneB.) InflammatoryC.) InfectiousD.) Degenerative

A

Inflammatory

87
Q

Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints?A.) Rheumatoid arthritisB.) OsteoarthritisC.) Gouty arthritisD.) Migratory polyarthritis

A

Osteoarthritis

88
Q

Hyperglycemia, obesity and osteopenia are characteristic of?A.) Diabetes mellitusB.) HyperparathyroidismC.) HyperaldosteronismD.) Hypercortisolism

A

Hypercortisolism

89
Q

Which is not characterized by a granulomatous inflammation?A.) SarcoidosisB.) TuberculosisC.) ActinomycosisD.) Candidiasis

A

Candidiasis

90
Q

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following?A.) ThiamineB.) CarcinomaC.) Folic acidD.) Megaloblastic anemia

A

Megoblastic anemia

91
Q

Which of the following organisms is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients?A.) TBB.) ToxoplasmosisC.) Pneumococcal pneumoniaD.) Pneumocystis carinii

A

Pneumocystis carinii

92
Q

Cardiac tamponade is defined as?A.) Aortic stenosisB.) Fluid in pericardial spaceC.) Excess fluid in capillariesD.) Increased fluid in veins

A

Fluid in pericardial space

93
Q

In which of the following muscle disorders is pseudohypertrophy most common?A.) Myasthenia gravisB.) Beckerrs dystrophyC.) Duchenne’s dystrophyD.) Myotonic dystrophy

A

Duchenne’s dystrophy

94
Q

Loss of braking skills, the lack of ability to stop forward movement of the hand when reaching for something results from blockage of?A.) CortexB.) CerebellumC.) MedullaD.) Brainstem

A

Cerebellum

95
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital absence or parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation and dilation of the colon?A.) Chagas diseaseB.) Merkel’s diverticulumC.) Horners syndromeD.) Hirschsprungs disease

A

Hirschsprungs disease

96
Q

Pitting edema is typically caused by which of the following?A.) Congestive heart failureB.) Cirrosis of liverC.) MyxedemaD.) Hyperthyroidism

A

Congestive heart failure

97
Q

Kaposis sarcoma occurs in 1/3 of patients with?A.) DermatitisB.) Lupus erythematosusC.) AIDSD.) Tuberculosis

A

AIDS

98
Q

Chronic passive congestion of the liver is typically seen in which of the following conditions?A.) Myocardial infarctionB.) HypertensionC.) Left heart failureD.) Right heart failure

A

Right heart failure

99
Q

Hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain is a likely result in?A.) AnosmiaB.) AphasiaC.) ComaD.) Blindness

A

Coma

100
Q

Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize in the?A.) LiverB.) VertrebraC.) LungsD.) Skeletal muscle

A

Lungs

101
Q

Patchy consolidation of the lung is characteristic of?A.) BronchopneumoniaB.) Bronchial asthmaC.) BronchitisD.) Emphysema

A

Bronchopneumonia

102
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by T cell deficiency due to lack of development of 3 and 4 pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of heart great vessels, mouth, and ears?A.) T-helperB.) Wischott AldrichC.) B-cellsD.) Improper clotting

A

T-helper

103
Q

Thrombosis and embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?A.) Superior mesenteric veinB.) Inferior mesenteric arteryC.) Inferior mesenteric veinD.) Superior mesenteric artery

A

Superior mesenteric artery

104
Q

A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates in the?A.) Upper extremityB.) Lower extremityC.) BrainD.) Kidney

A

Lower extremity

105
Q

Gigantism and acromegaly result from an increase in?A.) TSHB.) SomatotropinC.) CortisolA.) Insulin

A

Somatotropin

106
Q

X-linked gamma globulinemia of bruton is characterized by?A.) Autosomal in malesB.) T-cell deficiencyC.) B-cell deficiencyD.) Sexual transmission

A

B-cell deficiency

107
Q

Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is most common in patients under 40?A.) Graves diseaseB.) Iodine-induced hyperthyroiditisC.) All of the aboveD.) Struma ovarii

A

Graves disease

108
Q

Which represents a type II hypersensitivity?A.) Rheumatoid arthritisB.) ErythroblastosisC.) RagweedD.) Poison ivy rash

A

Erythroblastosis

109
Q

Dilation of the inner mammary and subscapular arteries hypertension and weakness of the upper libs with decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following?A.) Twisting of the aortaB.) Patent ductus arteriosusC.) Coarctation of the aortaD.) Aortic insufficiency

A

Coarctation of the aorta

110
Q

Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?A.) Poison oakB.) Food allergyC.) Rheumatoid arthritisD.) Incomplete blood transfusion

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

111
Q

Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?A.) LungeB.) ColonC.) BreastD.) Prostate

A

Prostate

112
Q

The most common malignant tumor of the large intestine is?A.) LymphomaB.) Squamous cell carcinomaC.) CancroidD.) Adenocarcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

Board Review - Part 1 (5 decks)

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