Spinal Anatomy

Question 1

Scoliosis

Answer 1

Curvature of spine outside sagittal plane

Question 2

Type of scoliosis that is unknown

Answer 2

Idiopathic scoliosis

Question 3

Type of scoliosis that is due to abnormalities of muscle-nerve pathways

Answer 3

Neuromuscular scoliosis

Question 4

Type of scoliosis that is due to malformation in utero

Answer 4

Congenital scoliosis

Question 5

Harrington Rods - What components are used, and what maneuvers are used

Answer 5

One rod along spine used with two hooks (one on bottom, one on top); distraction of curve

Question 6

Luque Rods - What components are used, and what maneuvers are used

Answer 6

Two L shaped rods secured with sublaminar wires at every level, which secures rods to spine; Translation of the spine to the position of the rod

Question 7

Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) Horizon - What components are used, and what maneuvers are used

Answer 7

Two rods, laminar hooks, wires, and pedicle screws. Rod is shaped to desired shape, and cranked in rotation; involves derotation of the spine

Question 8

TSRH (Texas Scottish Rites Hospital) and Isola - What components are used, and what maneuvers are used

Answer 8

Two rods, laminar hooks, wires, and pedicle screws. Involves combination of maneuvers (Distraction, derotation, translation… more distraction than CD)

Question 9

Cobbs Angle

Answer 9

Degree of curvature of spine

Question 10

Kyphosis

Answer 10

Curvature of spine that results in an exaggerated rounding of the back - sagittal thoracic curve of greater than 40

Question 11

Scheuermann’s Disease

Answer 11

Juvenile Kyphosis, most common primary hyperkyphosis

Question 12

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 12

Another slippage of one vertebra in relation to adjacent vertebra, subluxation

Question 13

Retrolisthesis

Answer 13

Posterior slippage of the vertebra

Question 14

Lateral Listhesis

Answer 14

Lateral slippage of the vertebra

Question 15

Spondylosis

Answer 15

Degenerative changes in the vertebrae

Question 16

Spondylolysis

Answer 16

Defect in the vertebrae, usually in the area of the par interarticularis - right around articulation points where the bone meets

Question 17

Spondyloptosis

Answer 17

Most severe result of spondylolisthesis: Complete slippage of the vertebrae off the spinal column

Question 18

Osteosis

Answer 18

Bony growth along the endplates

Question 19

Ankylosis

Answer 19

Fusion of a joint

Question 20

Radiculopathy

Answer 20

Disease of the nerve root associated with sensory and/or motor symptoms in the distribution of the affected nerve root

Question 21

ACDF

Answer 21

Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. Disc removed, then decortication of vertebral bodies and bone graft from iliac crest inserted. Then casper pins are placed to stabilize.

Question 22

Osteomyelitis

Answer 22

Spinal infection

Question 23

ORIF

Answer 23

Open reduction internal fixation.. open broken bone, reduce fracture, fixate screws

Question 24

Corpectomy

Answer 24

Removal of vertebral body

Question 25

Disectomy

Answer 25

Removal of disc

Question 26

Laminectomy

Answer 26

Removal of lamina