spinal

Question 1

vertebral column extends from

Answer 1

cranium to the apex of the coccyx

Question 2

of total vertebrae

Answer 2

33

Question 3

four natural curvatures

Answer 3

cervical curvature - concave posteriorly (lordosis)

thoracic curvature - concave anteriorly (kyphosis)

lumbar curvature - concave posteriorly (lordosis)

sacral curvature - concave anteriorly (kyphosis)

Question 4

high/low curves

Answer 4

high curves = LORDOSIS
C5, L3

low curves = KYPHOSIS
T5, S2

Question 5

excessive thoracic kyphosis is caused by

Answer 5

erosion and collapse of vertebrae -> osteoporosis

Question 6

excessive lumbar lordosis is caused by

Answer 6

weakened trunk musculature, temporary in late pregnancy

Question 7

scoliosis is caused by

Answer 7

abnormal lateral curvature with rotation of the vertebrae

asymmetric weakness of intrinsic back muscles, failure of half of the vertebrae to develop or difference in lower limb length

Question 8

foramina transversarium

Answer 8

C1 - C6

allows vertebral arteries, veins, and sympathetic plexus to pass through

Question 9

bifid spinous processes

Answer 9

C3 - C5

Question 10

Vertebra Prominens

Answer 10

spinous process of C7

Question 11

strongest cervical vertebrae

Answer 11

C2 - axis

Question 12

length of thoracic spinous processes

Answer 12

diminishes from T1 to T12

Question 13

Scapular spine corresponds to level

Answer 13

T3

Question 14

inferior angle of scapula corresponds to

Answer 14

T7 spinous process

Question 15

Last rib corresponds with

Answer 15

T12 spinous process

Question 16

Iliac crest corresponds with

Answer 16

L4 spinous process -> TUFFIER’S line

Question 17

PSIS corresponds with

Answer 17

posterior superior iliac spine

- S2 spinous process

Question 18

nuchal ligaments extends from

Answer 18

occipital protuberance and posterior border of the foramen magnum to the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae around C5/C6

Question 19

nuchal ligaments acts as

Answer 19

a point of muscle attachments from C3 to C5

Question 20

After c5/c6, nuchal ligament becomes

Answer 20

supraspinous ligament

Question 21

supraspinous ligament runs from

Answer 21

C5 to sacrum

Question 22

interspinous ligament is

Answer 22

weak and membranous, runs entire length of vertebral column

Question 23

interspinous ligament

Answer 23

stabilizes and units adjacent spinous processes

Question 24

ligamentum flava/flavum characteristics

Answer 24

broad, tough, pale, yellow, wedge shaped elastic fibrous tissue

Question 25

ligamentum flava/flavum functions

Answer 25

adjoins laminae of adjacent vertebral arches, forming alternating sections of the posterior wall of the vertebral canal

Runs C2 to sacrum

Question 26

posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 26

narrow, weaker band

runs within vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of vertebral bodies from C2 to the sacrum

Question 27

anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 27

strong, broad, fibrous band

covers vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

runs from pelvic surface of the sacrum to anterior tubercle of C1 (atlas) and occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

Question 28

superficial deep to order of ligaments

Answer 28

1. nuchal
2. supraspinous
3. interspinous
4. ligamentum flavum
5. posterior longitudinal ligament
6. anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 29

spinal cord begins as a continuation of

Answer 29

medulla oblongata [[caudal part of brainstem]]

Question 30

spinal cord ends in

Answer 30

conus medullaris

Question 31

in most adults, conus medullaris corresponds to

Answer 31

L1, (T12-L3)

Question 32

Cervical enlargement extends from

Answer 32

C4 to T1

Question 33

anterior rami of c4 to t1 form

Answer 33

brachial plexus, at cervical enlargement

Question 34

lumbosacral enlargement extends from

Answer 34

L1 to L3

Question 35

filum terminale internum is made of

Answer 35

pia mater

Question 36

filum terminal externum is made of

Answer 36

dura, arachnoid, and pia mater

Question 37

of pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 37

31

Question 38

c1 - c7 emerge

Answer 38

superiorly to vertebrae

Question 39

c8 and below emerge

Answer 39

inferiorly to vertebrae

Question 40

cell bodies of the dorsal route are located

Answer 40

outside of the spinal cord at the dorsal root ganglion

Question 41

cell bodies of the ventral route are located in

Answer 41

INSIDE the anterior horns of the gray matter

Question 42

spinal nerve =

Answer 42

when the dorsal and ventral roots unite [[very briefly]]

Question 43

spinal nerve exits

Answer 43

via the INTERVERTEBRAL foramen

Question 44

spinal nerve divides into

Answer 44

dorsal/posterior rami and ventral/anterior rami

Question 45

Dorsal rami supply

Answer 45

deep muscles of the back and skin

Question 46

anterior rami supply

Answer 46

everything but the deep muscles of the back

Question 47

denticulate ligaments

Answer 47

extensions of Pia mater the help anchor spinal cord centrally

Question 48

lower 2/3 of posterior spinal cord are perfused by

Answer 48

branches of cervical, deep cervical, vertebral, posterior intercostal, and lumbar arteries

Question 49

artery of adamkiewics arises from

Answer 49

the LEFT side of the aorta around t9-t12

Question 50

batson plexus is in

Answer 50

the epidural space.

Question 51

function of batson plexus

Answer 51

provide alternative drainage when inferior vena cava is compressed by tumor or gravid abdomen

Question 52

c1 has no

Answer 52

spinous process or vertebral body

Question 53

purpose of ligaments to

Answer 53

stabilize vertebral column

Question 54

posterior root carries

Answer 54

AFFERENT sensory information

Question 55

anterior root carries

Answer 55

EFFERENT, ventral motor information

Question 56

dural sac ends at

Answer 56

S2, PSIS