nerves!

Question 1

posterior ramus of C1 =

innervates

Answer 1

is the suboccipital nerve

MOTOR innervation [[suboccipital triangle muscles]]

Question 2

posterior ramus of C2 =

innervates

Answer 2

GREAT occipital nerve

sensory ! -> occipital area,
lies laterally

Question 3

posterior ramus of C3 =

innervates

Answer 3

posterior ramus of c3 = THIRD occipital nerve

sensory! -> occipital area
lies medially

Question 4

anterior rams of c2-c3 =

innervates

Answer 4

anterior ramus of c2 - 3= LESSER occipital nerve
lies laterally

SENSORY! -> posterior to auricle, lies outside region of suboccipital triangle.

Question 5

bipolar neurons =

Answer 5

usually special sensory neurons
found in olfactory epithelium, retina, inner ear

also interneurons

Question 6

interneurons of the spinal cord are

Answer 6

BIPOLAR

Question 7

unipolar neurons are

Answer 7

general sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system

pain, proprioception, temperature, these are in the dorsal root ganglion,

Question 8

neurons are in the dorsal root ganglion are :

Answer 8

UNIPOLAR neurons

Question 9

most common type of neuron in CNS

Answer 9

multipolar neuron

Question 10

more abundant than neurons are

Answer 10

neuroglia

Question 11

somatic nervous system provides

Answer 11

general sensory and motor innervation to all parts of the body except VISCERA IN THE BODY CAVITIES, SMOOTH MUSCLE AND GLANDS

Question 12

gray matter of spinal cord is divided

Answer 12

into 10 laminae .

Question 13

laminae 1 - 6

Answer 13

dorsal gray matter = somatic SENSORY fibers [[cell bodies]]

DORSAL so carry afferent, sensory fibers

Question 14

laminae 7 - 9

Answer 14

ventral gray matter = somatic MOTOR fibers

efferent motor fibers, cause ventral

Question 15

laminae 10

Answer 15

surrounds central canal = neuroglia cells and does not play a significant role in relay of information

Question 16

Ascending tracts of white matter contain

Answer 16

ASCENDING, AFFERENT, sensory

Question 17

Descending tracts of white matter contain

Answer 17

DESCENDING, efferent, motor

Question 18

Tracts of white matter are divided into

Answer 18

ventral, lateral, dorsal columns.

Question 19

dorsal column ascending tract

Answer 19

made of gracilus and cuneatus.

FINE TOUCH AND PROPIOCEPTION

Question 20

lateral spinothalamic tract

Answer 20

PAIN, nociceptive, and temperature

Question 21

ventral spinothalamic tract

Answer 21

crude touch and pressure

Question 22

lateral spinothalamic tract + ventral spinothalamic tract

Answer 22

ANTEROLATERAL spinothalmic tract

Question 23

tract lissauer

Answer 23

part of spinothalamic tract

Question 24

lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 24

LIMB motor

Question 25

ventral corticospinal tract

Answer 25

posture motor

Question 26

each sensory pathway consists of

Answer 26

3 neurons

Question 27

dorsal column-medial lemniscal system :

Answer 27

transmits FINE TOUCH, PROPIOCEPTION, VIBRATION , PRESSURE HIGH level of localization, discrimination therefore large, myelinated, very fast conducting fibers

Question 28

DCML 1st order neuron of sensory pathways

Answer 28

enters spinal cord from dorsal root ganglion, relays sensory information from dorsal column to medulla, ascends on same side side to medulla.

Question 29

DCML 2nd order neuron of sensory pathways

Answer 29

from medulla, crosses to opposite side than ascends to thalamus via medial lemniscus

Question 30

DCML 3rd order neuron of sensory pathways

Answer 30

from thalamus to post central grays

Question 31

post central gyrus =

Answer 31

somatosensory cortex on parietal lobe

Question 32

anterolateral spinothalamic tract

Answer 32

transmits pain and temperature [lateral portion] crude touch and pressure [ventral portion] smaller unmyelinated, slower conducting fibers not able to localize as well, poorly discriminate

Question 33

substantia gelatinosa

Answer 33

laminae II and III - where pain neurons synapse

Question 34

ALS 1st Order Neuron

Answer 34

enters spinal cord via dorsal root ganglion may then go up or down 1 to 3 levels via lissaur's tract. Synpases in dorsal laminae I, IV, V, VI,

Question 35

ALS 2nd order neuron

Answer 35

crosses to opposite side, ascends to brain via either anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts synapses in thalamus

Question 36

ALS 3rd order:

Answer 36

thalamus to post central gyrus

Question 37

corticospinal motor tract

Answer 37

also known as pyramidal tract motor neurons exit pre central gyrus of frontal lobe and travel through the pyramids of medulla

Question 38

lateral corticospinal tract CROSSES

Answer 38

crosses over to contralateral side in medulla then descend the spinal cord via lateral corticospinal tract . Fibers innervate the limb. 80% of lateral corticospinal tract fibers.

Question 39

ventral corticospinal tract

Answer 39

remains on the same side as it descends ventral corticospinal tract.

Question 40

motor pathways are made up of

Answer 40

2 neurons, upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron

Question 41

Upper motor neuron

Answer 41

cerebral cortex to the ventral horn of the spinal cord

Question 42

injury above the level of the medulla

Answer 42

results in paralysis on the opposite side of the body

Question 43

injury below the level of decussation results in

Answer 43

paralysis on the SAME side of the body

Question 44

with injury to the upper motor neurons, the subset of inhibitory neurons

Answer 44

will be damaged and this will result in SPASTIC paralysis

Question 45

lower motor neuron

Answer 45

from ventral horn to NMJ

Question 46

Injury in lower motor neuron results in

Answer 46

flaccid paralysis

Question 47

cell bodies of parasympathetic visceral motor neurons are located in

Answer 47

intermediolateral cell columns in the grey mater of the spinal cord.