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Pty5001 > Spinal > Flashcards

Spinal Flashcards

1
Q

At what level does the spinal cord terminate

A

L1/2

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2
Q

List (in order of severity) the disc injury types

A
  1. Annular tear
  2. Bulge
  3. Protrusion
  4. Extrusion
  5. Sequestration
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3
Q

What is the myotome for elbow flexion

A

C5

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4
Q

What is the myotome for wrist extension

A

C6

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5
Q

What is the myotome for wrist flexion or finger extension

A

C7

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6
Q

What is the myotome for finger flexion

A

C8

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7
Q

What is the myotome for finger abduction

A

T1

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8
Q

What is the myotome for hip abduction

A

L1,2

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9
Q

What is the myotome for knee extension

A

L3,4

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10
Q

What is the myotome for knee flexion

A

L5, S1

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11
Q

What is the myotome for great toe extension?

A

L5

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12
Q

What is the myotome for great toe flexion?

A

S1

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13
Q

What is the tendon reflex for biceps ?

A

C5

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14
Q

What is the tendon reflex for brachioradialis?

A

C6

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15
Q

What is the tendon reflex for triceps ?

A

C7

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16
Q

What is the tendon reflex for quads?

A

L3,4

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17
Q

What is the tendon reflex for achilles tendon?

A

L5, S1

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18
Q

Referred pain down the anterior thigh may involve which dermatomes?

A

L2-4

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19
Q

Referred pain down the lateral shin may involve which dermatomes?

A

L5

20
Q

Referred pain down the lateral border of the foot may involve which dermatomes?

A

S1

21
Q

Referred pain/sensory changes in the big toe may involve which dermatomes?

A

L4, maybe L5

22
Q

What myotome is implicated when people with back pain cannot easily walk on their toes

A

S1

23
Q

What myotome is implicated when someone cannot walk on the heels of their feet ?

A

L4

24
Q

What myotome is implicated with glute max

A

L3

25
Q

List four features of a Z-joint pattern

A
  1. Back pain greater on one side
  2. Lumbar extension is painful
  3. Ipsilateral lateral flexion painful
  4. Unilateral PA painful
26
Q

The paper by Schafer describes 4 Hierarchical classifications for back pain. What are they (in order)?

A
  1. Neuropathic sensitisation
  2. Denervation
  3. Peripheral nerve sensitisation
  4. Musculoskeletal
27
Q

What type of back and leg pain benefits from opening gliders and neural mobilisation

A
  1. PNS
28
Q

The LANSS assess for NS. List some of the signs and symptoms

A

Distal pain
Paraesthesia
Autonomic changes
Burning
Allodynia
Hyperalgesia
Paroxysmal pain

29
Q

What paper demonstrates increased odds of pain in those with disc and vertebral changes on MRI

A

Brinkki, 2015 systematic review

30
Q

Why is important to know the level of bulge relevant to the conus medullaris ?

A

If UMN signs are present, then the problem is higher than L1/2 (conus medullaris)

31
Q

Most disc bulges are where?

A

Central or paracentral

32
Q

What type of disc bulge may be painful in flexion

A

Paracentral

33
Q

What type of disc bulge may be painful in extension ?

A

Foraminal

34
Q

How many of the Laslett cluster need to be positive for a positive cluster

A

3/5

35
Q

How do you test the L4 nerve root?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion

36
Q

How do you test the L5 nerve root?

A

Big toe extension

37
Q

How do you test the S1 nerve root?

A

Calf raise in standing

38
Q

What nerve root does the bicep reflex test?

A

C6

39
Q

The triceps reflex tests what nerve root?

A

C7

40
Q

How do we test C5 nerve root?

A

Shoulder abduction

41
Q

How do we test C6 nerve root?

A

Elbow flexion

42
Q

How do we test C7 nerve root?

A

Elbow extension

43
Q

How do we test C8 nerve root?

A

Extension of thumb

44
Q

How do we test T1 nerve root?

A

Finger intrinsics - must have MCP flexed to 90, IP’s extended and resisted adduction of fingers

45
Q

List in order from C5 down, how you would conduct a sensation exam?

A
  1. Radial sided forearm
  2. Tip of thumb
  3. Tip of middle finger
  4. Tip of little finger
  5. Ulnar sided forearm
46
Q

What two factors need to be present for a neuro dynamic test to be considered positive ?

A
  1. Reproduces familiar symptoms
  2. Structural differentiation
47
Q

What tests are involved in the sij clusters (4)

A
  1. Pelvic torsion or Gaenslens
  2. Posterior shear
  3. Compression
  4. Distraction

Pty5001 (10 decks)

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