Foot/ankle

Question 1

What are the two compound joint lines of the foot?

Answer 1

1. Lisfranc line
2. Transverse tarsal or Chopart line

Question 2

What joints comprise the chopart line?

Answer 2

1. Talonavicular joint
2. Calcaneocuboid joint

Question 3

What muscles lie in the deep layer of the plantar intrinsic ?

Answer 3

1. Abductor Hallucis
2. FDB
3. Abductor Digiti Minimi

Question 4

How much 1st MTP extension is required for ray to day ?

Answer 4

60 degrees

Question 5

How much 1st MTP extension is required for en pointe dancing ?

Answer 5

90 degrees

Question 6

PF requirements ?

Answer 6

150 degrees

Question 7

How much DF ROM IS required for day to day

Answer 7

40 degrees

Question 8

Does the foot pronate or supinate during propulsion?

Answer 8

Supinate

Question 9

Does the foot pronate or supinate during stance phase/shock absorption?

Answer 9

Pronate

Question 10

Where does to scrunching place a lot more pressure and what sort injuries might be associated with it?

Answer 10

MT heads:
Plantar plate injuries
MTP pain
Neuroma

Question 11

In gait analysis, what is one key thing you’re looking for in heel strike?

Answer 11

Does the foot evert

Question 12

In gait analysis, what is one key thing you’re looking for in mid stance?

Answer 12

Does it pronate

Question 13

In gait analysis, what is one key thing you’re looking for in late stance?

Answer 13

Is the rigid lever being created

Question 14

In gait analysis, what are two key things you’re looking for in push off?

Answer 14

1st toe ext
Foot supination

Question 15

Twist test: when turning to the right what should happen at the right and left foot?

Answer 15

Left foot - pronation

Right foot - supination

Question 16

What paper gives overview to the function of the foot arch, windlass mechanism and flat vs rigid feet?

Answer 16

Behling, 2023

Question 17

Whole foot pronation consists of what three movements ?

Answer 17

1. Rear foot eversion
2. Forefoot abduction
3. Forefoot dorsiflexion

Question 18

Nielsen, 2013 paper gives support to what?

Answer 18

That foot pronation is not consistently linked to injuries

Question 19

What nerve may be injured with a lateral Mal. Fracture?

Answer 19

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 20

True or false: the PIM contribute greatly to resist long arch deformation during weight acceptance ?

Answer 20

False

Question 21

When do the PIM become important in the gait cycle and how do they contribute?

What paper supports this notion

Answer 21

They are important in stiffening the forefoot during late stance just prior to push off

As found by Farris 2019

Question 22

Inhibition of the PIM does what to the foot during

Answer 22

Decline in power output during push-off

Question 23

What two PIM are most important for the active contribution to the LA

Answer 23

FDB
AH

Question 24

What role do the PIM play in relation to the MTP joint and gait

Answer 24

They actively stiffen to 1st MTP in late stance - this assists in propulsive power during push off

Question 25

What effect does barefoot running have on foot strike

Answer 25

Generally a shift towards mid and forefoot strike is more likely

Question 26

A Baxter neuropathy is compression or which nerve?

Answer 26

ICN

Question 27

What muscle does the ICN innervate?

Answer 27

Abductor digiti minimi

Question 28

What nerves are involved in Morton’s neuroma ?

Answer 28

Common digital nerves - usually between the third web space

Question 29

What is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 29

Entrapment of the Tibial nerve around the medial flexor retinaculum

Question 30

Tarsal Tunnel syndrome may refer symptoms where?

Answer 30

The first three toes and base of foot