spina bifida Flashcards
Spina bifida is known as a closure defect in embryological life as a result of the problem that occurs during the formation of the spinal cord structure
true or false?
true
what are the types of spina bifida?
closed
opened
what are the types of neural defects ?
anencephaly
encephalocele
spina bifida
what is the mildest type of spina bifida?
oculta= closed
what are the characteristics of occulta?
Posterior fusion defect of vertebral body without spinal cord malformation
There is no visible defect to the external
There is a dimple, hairy patch, dark spot or swelling over affected area
what are the types of opened spina bifida?
cranial
spinal= myelomeningocele
cranial opened
is anencephaly
true or false?
true
what are the opened spina bifida examples?
asperta
systica
meningocele
anencephaly is a type of NTD
true or false?
true
forebrain and cerebrum are not seen in?
anencephaly patient
when the neural tube closes during pregnancy?
during third or fourth weeks of pregnancy to form spine and brain
a sac-like protrusion or projection of the brain and the membranes that cover it through an opening in the skull is?
encephalocele
Encephalocele happens when the neural tube does close completely during pregnancy
true or false?
false, does not
meningocele is moderate
Myelomeningocele(Severe)
true or false?
true
There is usually little or no nerve damage. This type of spina bifida can cause minor disabilities
to which type is referred?
meningocele
in meningocele spinal cord is not in the sac
true or false?
true
Part of the spinal cord and nerves are in this sac and are damaged
to which type is this referred?
Myelomeningocele
for Myelomeningocele Mostly seen in lumbosacral region. Least frequently in the cervical region
true or false?
true
what are the risk factors for spina bifida?
Couples who already had an affected baby (4% chance the next child will also be affected)
Obese women
Insulin related diabetes
Girls are more prone
Ethnicity
Anti seizures medicines
Folic acid deficency
Mutation in methylenetetrahyrofolate reductase gene
anencephaly is the most common type
true or false?
true
what are the common problems for NTD patients especially in myelomeningocele, hydrocephaly?
paraplegic and incontinence are the most common problems
loss of deep sensations will lead to?
balance and movement problems
what sexual deficiencies can be seen?
erectil ejaculatif dysfunction in male, infertility in female
Muscle imbalance, muscle atrophy, hip subluxation and dislocation, flexion contracture in knee, equinovarus deformity in the ankle may be shown in spina bifida patients
true or false?
true
which are lesions AFO are used?
s2 and below
s1
l4-l5
in which lesion area trendelenburg gait is seen?
s2 and below
l4-l5
in which lesion level crouch gait is seen and KAFO is used?
l3-l4
HKAFO and wheelchair are used in which lesion level?
l1-l2
t12 and above
normal function with foot deformity
by which lesion is affected?
l2-l3
l4-l5
s2 and below
s2 and above
s2 and below
plantar flexion weakness
dorsiflexion weakness
hamstring and quadriceps weakness
are related to which lesion level?
s1
l4-l5
l3-l4
no movement in the knees and below
no movement in hips and below
are related to which lesion level?
l1-l2
t12 and above
lesions at the sacral level have good mobility and can walk independently.
Those with lumbar or thoracic lesions usually need walking aids or a wheelchair to be mobilized
true or false?
true
when we can know if the baby has spina bifida?
16 weeks of gestation or by ultrasound of the fetus at 18–20 weeks
what are the Symptoms related to Chiari II malformation?
inability to regulate breathing, a loss of normal vocal cord function, difficulty swallowing food or fluids, or poor strength or function in the arm and hand
what is the 2nd name for pseudobulbar palsy and it is related to what?
Chiari II malformation
related to neurological comorbidities
The higher the spinal level of the defect, the less muscle affected and less weakness
true or false?
false
kyphosis, scoliosis, are usually seen in T12 and above
true or false?
true
skin care is important for prevention from?
pressure sores
avoid hot bath water
use sunscreen, and don’t stay out for too long
not sitting for too long
are related to?
skin care
how can we ambulate the patient by Pt?
parapodium (T12-L3)
support ankle, knees, and hips
Tennis
Swimming
Walking
Wheelchair basketball
Balance exercises
30 mins prone position for preventing muscles contraction
are all used in?
physiotherapy rehabilitation
Physiotherapy for 30-60 minutes a day is recommended once or twice a week
true or false?
true
