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pediatrics > cerebral palse > Flashcards

cerebral palse Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to progressive disturbances occurring in the developing fetal or infant brain
true or false?

A

false, non-progressive

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2
Q

what are the prenatal risk factors?

A

Being small for gestational age
Being of low or very low birth weight
Multiple gestation
Developing infection
Having evidence of stroke or having neonatal encephalopathy

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3
Q

the Maternal risk factors are
Chorioamnionitis
Fever during labor
Coagulopathy or bleeding
Placental infarction and thyroid disease
true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

there are no postnatal risk factors for CP
true or false?

A

false, Social disadvantage
Trauma
are postnatal risk factors

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5
Q

what are the subtypes of CP ?

A

hemiplegia
quadriplegia
monoplegia
diplegia

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6
Q

what are the kinds of CP ?

A

spastic
ataxic
and dyskinetic

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7
Q

. Abnormal pattern of posture and/or movement
. Increased tone (not necessarily constantly)
. Pathological reflexes (hyper-reflexia or pyramidal signs e.g. Babinski response)
. It may be unilatera (hemiplegia) or bilateral
are related to which type of CP?

A

spastic

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8
Q

spasticity is velocity independent
true or false?

A

false, dependent

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9
Q

a state of disinhibition of the stretch reflex will lead to what?

A

spasticity

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10
Q

_ Abnormal pattern of posture and/or movement
_ Loss of orderly muscular co-ordination, so that movements are performed with abnormal force, rhythm and accuracy
are related to which CP?

A

ataxic

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11
Q

Abnormal pattern of posture and/or movement
− Involuntary, uncontrolled, recurring, occasionally stereotyped movements of affected body parts
are related to which CP?

A

dyskinetic

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12
Q

what are the subtypes of dyskinetic CP?

A

dystonic CP and Choreo-athetotic CP

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13
Q

dominated by both hypokinesia and hypertonia
is?

A

dystonic CP

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14
Q

dominated by both hyperkinesia and hypotonia is?

A

Choreo-athetotic CP

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15
Q

give examples of visual impairments of CP

A

strabismus
refractive errors
reduced visual acuity
abnormal saccadic movements

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16
Q

increased risk of aspiration in CP is caused by what?

A

orometer impairments

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17
Q

most important factors associated with urinary incontinence were quadriparesis and impaired cognition
true or false?

A

true

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18
Q

increased tone or contractures of the gastrocsoleus complex only will lead to?

A

equines foot deformity

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19
Q

combination of spasticity of the posterior tibialis muscle and the gastrosoleus complex will lead to?

A

equinovarus deformity

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20
Q

knee extension is common in CP
true or false?

A

false, knee flexion

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21
Q

Passive hip abduction of less than 35 degrees and a hip flexion contracture of more than 20 degrees are concerning signs of ?

A

hip dysplasia

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22
Q

hip to be adducted, flexed, and internally rotated, placing it at risk for ?

A

hip posterior dislocation

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23
Q

what is the windswept deformity in CP?

A

adduction deformity of the elevated hip and an abduction deformity of the opposite hip

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24
Q

the windswept is characterized by?

A

hip obliquity

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25
Q

for UL deformities in CP
1-the shoulder is adducted and IR
2-the elbow has flexion contracture
3-forearm pronation
4- flexion of wrist with ulnar deviation
true or false?

A

true

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26
Q

for hand deformity in CP:
1- fingers are flexed with swan neck
2- ABD of carpometacarpal joint
3- hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
true or false?

A

false, ADD of carpometacarpal joint
(Thumb in palm) deformity

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27
Q

scissoring gait is primary because of?

A

increased adductor tone

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28
Q

crouched gait with lordosis and APT is caused by?

A

increased iliopsoas tone
(hip flexor)

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29
Q

increased femoral anteversion will cause in toing with false genu valgus and external tibial rotation
true or false?

A

true

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30
Q

decrease hamstring ROM will cause?

A

crouched gait

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31
Q

co-contraction of hamstring and quadriceps will cause?

A

stiff knee gait

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32
Q

internal tibial torsion will cause out toeing
external tibial torsion will cause in toeing
true or false?

A

false

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33
Q

varus with increased supination
valgus increased pronation
true or false?

A

true

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34
Q

One of the most important problems in children with CP is unidirectional movements, low variability, and inability to mimic.
true or false?

A

false

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35
Q

what are the assessments of functional level and motor development?

A

Gross Motor Function Measure and Gross Motor Function Classification System
*Manual Ability Classification System
*Pediatric Functional Independence Measure(WeeFIM)
*Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory
*Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
*Denver Developmental Screening Test

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36
Q

which test is used to assesses the quantity of the movements rather than the quality ?

A

GMFM

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37
Q

Items span the spectrum of gross motor activities in 3 dimensions
true or false?

A

false, five dimensions

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38
Q

what are the 5 dimension of gross motor development?

A

A:Lying and Rolling,
B:Sitting,
C:Crawling and Kneeling,
D:Standing, and
E:Walking, Running and Jumping

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39
Q

There are two versions of the GMFM.(TheGMFM-88 andGMFM-66
true or false?

A

true

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40
Q

the GMFM is done with 2 hours
true or false?

A

false, 45-60 mis

41
Q

GMFC is assessing child development from rolling to walking
true or false?

A

false, from sitting to walking

42
Q

which test helps in idea of what equipment or mobility aids a child in future?

A

GMFC

43
Q

how many levels of GMFC ?

A

5 levels

44
Q

in level 3 of GMFC the child uses AD only outdoors and wheelchair for long distance and uses one railing while climbing
true or false?

A

false, child will use AD indoors and outdoors

45
Q

in level 1 and 2 of GMFC child can walk indoors and outdoors, but in level 2 there is limitation in crowded areas
true or false?

A

true

46
Q

children walk for short distances with a walker but rely more on using wheelchair
which level of GMFC is this?

A

4th level

47
Q

children are no longer independent
which level of GMFC is this?

A

5th

48
Q

assessments of reflexes and reactions, the corrected age should be considered
true or false?

A

true

49
Q

what are the scales used for the level of spasticity?

A

MAS and MTS

50
Q

dystonia refers to increase activity in resting and speed dependent
true or false?

A

false, it is not speed dependent

51
Q

Coxavalga, increased femoral anteversion, and acetabular dysplasia are the major problems of hip in CP
true or false?

A

true

52
Q

orthopedic assessment should be carried out at 12–18 months and should be repeated every 8 months
true or false?

A

false, every 6 months

53
Q

what are the Hip Dislocation Evaluation Criteria?

A

Abduction limitation
Length Difference (Galeazzi sign))
Asymmetrical thigh or gluteal creases
Ortolani Test
Barlow Test

54
Q

in ortolani test the hips are flexed and adducted
in borlow test the hips are flexed and abducted
true or false?

A

false, ortalani=flex+abd
barlow=flex+add

55
Q

increased internal rotation will result increased in anteversion
true or false?

A

true

56
Q

The Duncan-Ely test is for what?

A

assessing of any rectus femoris contracture

57
Q

which test is done to detect the hip flexors flexibility?

A

thomas test

58
Q

Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)
Assisting Hand Assessment Scale
*Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function
*Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test
*Zancolli Hand Deformity Classification
*Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation
are what?

A

UE assessments

59
Q

scale-combined video records, time-distance characteristics, and instrumented analysis
are assessments for?

A

GAIT

60
Q

in which position we can assesst the trunk muscle weakness?

A

sitting position

61
Q

what are ICF finds?

A

function
activity
and participation

62
Q

how many treatments we can use for CP ?

A

15 treatments

63
Q

what concept was based on observations of how abnormal tone interfered with the child’s ability to develop functional activity is?

A

bobath

64
Q

quality of tone has always been central to which treatment?

A

bobath

65
Q

The Bobath concept aims to?

A

*normalize the muscle tone
*inhibit primitive and abnormal reflexes
*to facilitate normal movements

66
Q

Main Principles in Bobath Concept:
*Facilitation
*Stimulation
*Communication
true or false?

A

true

67
Q

the proximal key points are farther to the source problem
true or false?

A

false, closer

68
Q

proximal key points influence the posture control in all three planes usually at the head or trunk
true or false?

A

true

69
Q

Distal key points, Located away from the source of the problem, usually at the upper and lower extremities level
true or false?

A

true

70
Q

involve stimulation of the muscle activity to produce a desired motor response
is related to?

A

fascilitation

71
Q

tapping and intermittent compression to provide proprioceptive and tactile stimulation are techniques used in?

A

facilitation of muscle tone in goal-directed activity

72
Q

what is the process of intervention that reduces dysfunctional muscle tone?

A

inhibition

73
Q

Techniques: traction and light joint compression are used in?

A

inhibition

74
Q

we can use inhibition technique with hypotonicity
true or false?

A

false, we cant

75
Q

therapist administers goal-directed pressure to defined zones on the body in a patient who is in a prone
which technique is this?

A

vojta

76
Q

SMART activities are for which technique?

A

goal directed therapy

77
Q

Goal directed therapy is more “task oriented”,
true or false?

A

true

78
Q

what intervention is most commonly used in the presence of hemiplegia as a result of CP?

A

constraint induced movement

79
Q

how can improving the coordination of both arms be achieved?

A

bimanual training tech

80
Q

walk earlier and more efficiently than those children who did not ?

A

use treadmill training

81
Q

treadmill can help clinicians overcome space constraints, reduce physical demands, and establish a convenient set-up for gait evaluation
true or false?

A

true

82
Q

achieve a large amount of movement in a limited time by?

A

robotic trianing

83
Q

ecologically valid opportunities for active learning, which are enjoyable and motivating yet challenging and safe is provided by?

A

virtual reality

84
Q

which tech using horse for improving 3-dimensional mobility in CP is?

A

hippotherapy

85
Q

Hippotherapy can be described as a low frequency, high repetition treatment strategy
true or false?

A

true

86
Q

Gains in strength improve functional motor performance especially with opened kinetic chain exercises
true or false?

A

false, closed kinetic chain

87
Q

Mobilization of the muscle through the entire fiber, from its origo to its insertion
is ?

A

stretching technique

88
Q

what the electrotherapy are used in CP?

A

NMES
FES
ES

89
Q

*To guide musculoskeletal development,
*To create long-term stretching effect,
*Ensuring proper body alignment
are achieved by?

A

verticalization tech

90
Q

verticalization should be used with hypertonic and spastic conditions
true or false?

A

false, hypotonic and spastic

91
Q

Orthotics are used to?

A

*Increase functional capacity,
*Help mobility,
*Reduce energy consumption,
*Maintain and correct posture,
*Prevent joint limitation and contracture development,
*Prevent complications after surgical procedures

92
Q

what are the Medical Treatments in Cerebral Palsy?

A

Botulinum Toxin (Type A)
Surgery
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
Intrathecal Baclofen Pump

93
Q

Adductor, iliopsoas and medial hamstring muscles are the main muscles involved in?

A

soft tissue release surgery

94
Q

The outcomes are best in patients who are at low GMFCS levels and have limited hip displacement for soft release surgery
true or false?

A

true

95
Q

2nd and 3rd GMFC are best for SDR
true or false?

A

true

96
Q

SDR provides short-term reduction of spasticity
true or false?

A

false, long term

97
Q

(ITB) is used for the management of spasticity and dystonia in pediatric populations
true or false?

A

true

98
Q

which tech is used for reducing spasticity?

A

Botulinum Toxin (Type A)

pediatrics (5 decks)

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