Spermatogenesis/Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

Male Stages

Answer 1

Spermatogonium -> 1* spermatocyte -> 2* spermatocyte -> spermatid -> spermatozoa 16 days b/w each step

Question 2

Egg Reduction Over time

Answer 2

6 million (20 wks gestation) 2 million (birth) 400,000 (puberty) only 480 get at chance at becoming child Others stay in prophase forever

Question 3

Female Stages

Answer 3

Oogonium -> 1* oocyte -> 2* oocyte

Question 4

Follicle Stages

Answer 4

Question 5

Dominant Follicle

Answer 5

Better blood flow Make FSH More granulosa cells Better aromatase T -> E More inhibin More estrogen Nondom more androgenic

Question 6

Hormone Cycle

Answer 6

Question 7

Testicular Anatomy

Answer 7

d

Question 8

HPV virology

Answer 8

non-enveloped dsDNA Transmission: sex, mother to child, formites Risk factors: early intercourse, mult. partners, hx genital warts, immunosupressed

Question 9

HPV presentation

Answer 9

Warts - common, plantar, anogenital, respiratory, epidermodysplasia verruciformis Persistent infxn needed for cancer

Question 10

HPV Screening

Answer 10

Begin at 21, every 3 years to 30, every 5 years w/HPV testing to 65 then stop. If test is positive, but cytology negative recheck in 6-12 months If both positive then colposcopy

Question 11

Gardasil

Answer 11

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18. Empty vaccine w/L1 protein of virus. 98.8 % efficacy

Question 12

HPV Pathogenesis

Answer 12

E6- degrade p53 E7 - ,,,

Question 13

Progestin effects

Answer 13

Main actor in contraception! Suppresses gonadotropin release from pituitary, especially LH = no LH surge=no ovulation! Profound effects on cervical mucus endometrium fallopian tubes Biggest side effect is breakthrough bleeding why estrogens are added to birth control pills!

Question 14

Estrogen Effects

Answer 14

Mainly inhibits FSH secretion = less likely dom follicle W/progestin on uterine lining = less breakthrough bleeding Reduces ovarian cyst Thrombotic side effects

Question 15

Cervical Cancer Stages

Answer 15