Spencer's gross neuroanatomy structures Flashcards
structure
anatomy/function
dorsolateral/ventrolateral sulci
point of entry of dorsal roots; exit of ventral roots
anterior median sulcus
anterior spinal artery
dorsal median sulcus
very shallow; dorsal columns of spinal cord between this and dorsolateral sulcus
dorsal intermediate sulcus
cervical region; groove in middle of dorsal columns
3 regions of spinal cord
dorsal, lateral, anterior funiculi
dorsal columns
ascending track; legs medial and arms lateral (like in an actal person)
posterior intermediate sulcus
divides legs and arms track in dorsal columns
folia
small folds in cerebellum
primary fissure
separates folia of anterior lobe from posterior lobe of cerebellum
vermis
medial part of cerebellum
hemispheres of cerebellum
lateral part of cerebellum
flocculus
antero-inferior lobes of cerebellum
inferior cerebellar peduncle
provide input/output from cerebellum; connects cerebellum to dorsolateral side of medulla; appears as upward continuation from the spinal cord
middle cerebellar peduncle
connects pons to cerebellum; large bulge in lateral side of brainstem
superior cerebellar peduncles
conenct cerebellum to midbrain
basal pons
divides medulla and midbrain
gracile tubercle
superior ends of dorsal columns, protuberances over nuclei associated with ascending columns
tuber cinerium
small prominence on sides of medulla; marks trigeminal nerve fibers descending lateral brainstem
inferior olivary nucleus
large prominence on ventral-lateral part of medulla
post/preolivary sulcus
grooves on dorsal/ventral side of inferior olive
hypoglossal nerve
leaves brain from preolivary sulcus
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
leave brain from postolivary sulcus
medullary pyramid
two long cords running on ventral side of brainstem; cerebral cortex nerve fibers used for fine/skilled motor movements
pyramidal decussation
site where most of pyramidal nerve fibers cross; defines cervical-medullary junction
4th ventricle
diamond shaped; dorsal aspect of brainstem; begins at beginning of medulla and covers rostral medulla and pons
obex
caudal point of 4th ventricle; central canal of spinal cord opens into ventricular system
stria medullaris
crosses floor of 4th ventricle; defines division between medulla and pons
sulcus limitans
lateral groove on floor of 4th ventricle
hypoglossal trigone
medial to suclus limitans in medulla
vagus trigone
lateral to sulcus limitans in medulla
facial colliculus
medial in medulla; contains facial nerve and abducens nucleus
vestiblar trigone
lateral in medulla
medial to lateral nerves of pontine-medullary junction
6, 7, 8
acoustic tubercle
vestibulocochlear nerve bulge
trigeminal nerve
passes through middle cerebellar peduncle
cerebral peduncles
bands on either side of midbrain; contain most nerve fibers leaving cerebral cortex heading for brainstem or spinal cord; injury can be devastating
interpeduncular fossa
depression between cerebral peduncles; oculomotor nerve eminates from this fossa
corpora quadragemina
four bumps on dorsal surface of midbrain
inferior colliculi
two caudal bumps of corpora quadragemina; deal with hearing
superior colliculi
two rostral bumps of corpora quadragemina; eye responses to visual signals and loud sounds
tectum
superior + inferior colliculi
brachium of inferior colliculi
ridge running caudally to medial geniculate nucleus
brachium of superior colliculi
ridge running to lateral geniculate nucleus
diencephalon
rostral to midbrain; consists of hypothalamus, (dorsal) thalamus, epithalamus; walls of 3rd ventricle
portions of hypothalamus
mamillary bodies, infundibulum, lamina terminalis
stalk of pituitary gland
infundibulum and lamina terminalis extension to pituitary gland
median eminence/tuber cinerium
bump on infundibulum critical for neuroendocrine control
optic chiasm
rostral to infundibulum; nerve fibers from eye cross here
epithalamus
dorsal side of diencephalon; contains pineal gland in midline and habenular nuclei
3rd venticle
diencephalon = walls;
hypothalamic sulcus
groove from A to P along wall of 3rd ventricle
hypothalamus
ventral to hypothalamic suclus
dorsal thalamus
walls of 3rd ventricle,
massa intermedia/thalamic adhesion
between two thalami
stria medullaris thalami
ridge from A to P along dorsal side of thalamus; from habenular nuclei
thalamus
nuclei that are relay sites for cerebral cortex inputs for most general sensations
medial geniculate bodies
chief relay site of auditory information to cerebral cortex
lateral geniculate bodies
chief relay site of visual information to cerebral cortex
telencephalon
newest portion; cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia
cerebral cortex
R and L hemispheres; 4 lobes
Sylvian (lateral) fissure
divides cerebral cortex lobes
central sulcus
divides cerebral cortex lobes
parietal-occipital sulcus
divides cerebral cortex lobes
frontal lobes
anterior to central sulcus
temporal lobe
ventral to lateral fissure
parietal lobe
between frontal and occipital lobes
precentral gyrus
anterior to central sulcus; neurons directed to spinal cord for movement
postcentral gyrus
posterior to central sulcus; termination of somatic sensory fibers coming from the thalamus; stimulation would cause certain sensations projected onto face
transverse gyri
superior aspect of temporal lobe to depths of lateral fissure
insula
superior aspect of temporal lobe to depths of lateral fissure
calcarine sulcus
from posterior occipital to parietal-occipital sulcus
corpus callosum
medial; commisural connections from one side of brain to other
rostrum
rostral portion of corpus callosum
splenium
posterior portion of corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
follows corpus callosum
subcallosal region
ventral to rostrum
septum pellucidum
separates two lateral ventricles
fornix
inferior portion of septum pellucidum; follows lateral ventricle posterior and lateral into temporal lobe
anterior commissure
dorsal/rostral to hypothalamus; connects two sides of brain
interventricular foramen of Monroe
lets CSF travel from lateral ventricle to enter 3rd ventricle
