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Neuroscience Quiz 1 > 09_Cerebral Circulation Summary_Q and A_Jonathan > Flashcards

09_Cerebral Circulation Summary_Q and A_Jonathan Flashcards

1
Q

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
Where is the cervical portion located?
Are their branches from the cervical portion?

A
  • from bifurcation of the common carotid in the neck to the skull.
  • No branches.
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2
Q

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
Where is the petrous portion?
What are the branches of the petrous portion?

A
  • in the petrous part of the temporal bone inconsistent branches
  • tympanic and pterygoid
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3
Q

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
Where is the cavernous portion?
What are the branches of the cavernous portion?

A
  • Cavernous portion- within the cavernous sinus.

* Branches to pituitary, cranial nerves, cavernous sinus, dura

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4
Q

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
Where is the subarachnoid portion?
What are the branches of the subarachnoid portion?

A
  • from exit from the cavernous sinus

* bifurcates into the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) and Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

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5
Q

What are the branches of the intracranial Internal Carotid Artery?

A
  • Opthalmic artery
  • Posterior Communicating Artery
  • Anterior Choroidal Artery
  • Anterior Cerebral Artery
  • Middle Cerebral Artery
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6
Q

What does the Opthalmic Artery supply?

A

• supplies the orbit and its contents

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7
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Communicating Artery?

What does its perforators supply?

A
  • connects the ICA to the posterior cerebral artery

* Perforators supply optic chiasm/tract, and hypothalamus

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8
Q

What does the Anterior Choroidal Artery supply?

A
  • optic tract
  • globus pallidus
  • internal capsule
  • uncus
  • medial temporal lobe
  • choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
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9
Q

What is the course of the Anterior Cererbral Artery?

A
  • medial division of the ICA bifurcation, takes a right angle turn at midline to travel in the interhemispheric fissure
  • Connected to the other ACA via the Anterior Communicating Artery
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10
Q

What do the Anterior Cerebral Arteries supply?

A
  • Cortical branches supply the medial frontal and parietal lobes and corpus callosum
  • Perforating branches supply hypothalamus, corpus callosum, pituitary stalk, fornix, caudate, septum pellucidum
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11
Q

What is the course of the Middle Cerebral Artery?

A

• lateral branch of the ICA bifurcation, runs in the Sylvian Fissure

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12
Q

What does the Middle Cerebral Artery Supply?

A
  • Cortical branches supply the anterior temporal lobe and most of the lateral hemisphere
  • Perforators supply caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule
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13
Q

What is the course of the Vertebral Artery?

A

• originates from the subclavian, travels through the transverse foramen, curves around the lateral mass of the atlas then enters the cranium through the foramen magnum

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14
Q

What are the branches of the Vertebral Artery?

A
  • Muscular and meningeal branches in the neck
  • Posterior Spinal Artery
  • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  • Anterior Spinal Artery
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15
Q

What does the Posterior Spinal Artery Supply?

A
  • posterior medulla
  • inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • posterior third of the spinal cord
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16
Q

What does the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) supply?

A
  • lateral medulla

* the tonsils, vermis and inferolateral surface of the cerebellum

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17
Q

What does the Anterior Spinal Artery supply?

A
  • paramedian region of the medulla

* anterior two thirds of the spinal cord

18
Q

Describe the course of the Basilar Artery?

A

• formed by the junction of the two vertebral arteries at the pontomedullary border and ends by dividing into the posterior cerebral arteries

19
Q

What are the branches of the Basilar Artery?

A
  • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
  • Pontine Arteries
  • Superior Cerebellar Arteries (SCA)
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery
20
Q

What is the course of the AICA?

A

• runs laterally toward the internal auditory meatus and then travels in the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum

21
Q

What does AICA supply?

A
  • much of the cerebellum

* often gives rise to the labyrinthine artery which supplies the inner ear

22
Q

What do the Pontine Arteries supply?

A

• multiple small arteries which supply the pons

23
Q

What is the course of the Superior Cerebellar Artery SCA?

A

• around the pons to the upper cerebellum

24
Q

What does the Superior Cerebellar Artery supply SCA?

A
  • the brainstem
  • upper surface of the cerebellar hemispheres
  • the upper vermis
25
Q

What is the course of the Posterior Cerebral Artery?

A

• runs around the brainstem and then travels between the two occipital lobes

26
Q

What does the Posterior Cerebral Artery supply?

A 
•	cortical  branches supply the
o	inferomedial temporal lobe
o	occipital lobe
o	inferomedial parietal lobe
•	perforating branches supply
o	brainstem
o	Thalamus
o	choroid plexus of the third and fourth ventricles
27
Q

What is the course of the Superior Sagittal Sinus?

A

• runs in the midline from the frontal region to the occipital region and drains into the transverse sinus

28
Q

From what veins does the Superior Sagittal Sinus receive blood from?

A

• the cortical veins in frontal, parietal and occipital regions including the Vein of Trolard

29
Q

How is the Superior Sagittal Sinus related to cerebral spinal fluid CSF?

A

• arachnoid granulations projecting into the superior sagittal sinus are responsible for the bulk of CSF absorption

30
Q

What is the course of the Inferior Sagittal Sinus?

A

• runs in the inferior border of the falx and drains into the straight sinus

31
Q

What are the tributaries to the Inferior Sagittal Sinus?

A

• receives blood from the falx, corpus callosum, and medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

32
Q

What is the Great Cerebral Vein of Galen?

A

• not a sinus but an important vein that lies near the pineal gland and joins the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus

33
Q

What are the tributaries to the Great Cerebral Vein of Galen?

A

• receives blood from the base of the brain and deep brain structures

34
Q

What is the course of the Straight Sinus? What forms the Straight Sinus?

A
  • runs in the midline of the tentorium at the attachment of the falx and drains into the transverse sinus
  • formed by and receives blood from the straight sinus and the Vein of Galen
35
Q

What is the course of the Transverse Sinus?

A

• runs laterally in the occipital region toward the base of the mastoid process

36
Q

What are the tributaries of the Transverse Sinus?

A
  • receives blood from the…
  • superior sagittal and straight sinuses
  • the Vein of Labbe
  • adjacent occipital and cerebellar regions
37
Q

What is the course of the Sigmoid Sinus?

A

• continuation of the transverse sinus in the mastoid, becomes the internal jugular vein at the skull base

38
Q

What is the Cavernous Sinus?

A
  • lies lateral to the pituitary gland

* composed of multiple channels

39
Q

What vessels and nerves pass through the Cavernous Sinus?

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, and VI
  • Sympathetic nerves following the internal carotid
40
Q

What are the tributaries to the Cavernous Sinus? What are the anastamoses?

A
  • receives blood from orbit, pituitary, temporal lobe, and Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein
  • connected to the posterior sinuses via the Superior Petrosal Sinus which enters at the transverse/sigmoid junction,
  • connected to the the Inferior Petrosal Sinus which enters at the sigmoid/internal jugular junction

Neuroscience Quiz 1 (14 decks)

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