Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Speech pathology uco > speech mechanism chapter 8 > Flashcards

speech mechanism chapter 8 Flashcards

part 1 or first half of chapter 8

1
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing process - grinding and crushing food
Preparing food for swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing the food - complex process of
moving bolus (ball of food/ liquid) from
pharynx into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mastication and
Deglutition process may involve the following:

A

-Orbicularis oris
– Intrinsic/extrinsic tongue muscles
– Velar elevators
– Pharyngeal constrictors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mastication and
Deglutition Invokes more than

A

55 pairs of muscles
along with cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Feeding skills are both

A

preparatory
and supportive of the speech act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Iowa Oral Pressure Instrument (IOPI)

A

Flexible ball that measures force - tongue or lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electromyography

A

Measures muscle function during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Multislice computer aided tomography

A

3 dimensional representation of structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharyngeal manometry

A

Pressure measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Modified barium swallow study
(MBSS)

A

Videoradiographically record individual
ingesting barium of various textures -
anterior and lateral views
– Definitive test of oropharyngeal dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nasoendoscopy

A

Direct visualization of pharyngeal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fiberendoscopic evaluation of
swallow (FEES)

A

Detect aspiration and pharyngeal residue,
can visualize structures - see tumors
– Do not have radiology exposure or
consumption of barium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ultrasound

A

Observe movement during swallowing but
bone impedes visualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

development of swallowing begins

A

before birth as early as 10 weeks ga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nonnutritive sucking

A

15 weeks, suckling also stimulable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The newborn gains nutrition through

A

rooting reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rooting reflex

A

Infant responds to tactile stimulation of lips
or cheek
Infant turns toward stimulus and opens mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Suckling relfex allows

A

infant to receive food
from mother’s breast in first six months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

suckling is triggered by

A

contact to inner margin of lips causing piston- like tongue protrusion and retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

suckling is replaced

A

by sucking more complex process causing negative pressure to draw liquid in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the Velum of infant do?

A

“locks” into
space between epiglottis and
tongue this action seals off infants airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is bolus?

A

a ball of liquid that cannot enter the respiratory passageway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

infants can…..

A

breathe while swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does the Infant’s Oral-Pharyngeal
Structures differ from adult structures

A

– Oral cavity is smaller
– Larynx elevated at birth
*Descends over the first four years
– Velum is relatively larger
– Hyoid elevated and relatively
forward
– No dentition in neonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the stages of mastication and deglutition?

A

-oral preparatory stage
-oral transport stage
-pharyngeal stage
-esophageal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Oral preparatory stage

A

(mastication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Oral transport stage

A

(propulsion of
bolus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pharyngeal stage

A

(pharyngeal swallow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Esophageal stage

A

(esophageal transit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

centrally generated patterns are

A

mastication and tongue movements are largely reflexive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

stages for Food prepared for swallowing

A

Food kept in mouth by sealing of lips
* Food ground up by lingual muscles
and muscles of mastication
* Food mixed with saliva to form a
bolus in preparation for swallowing
* Sensory receptors in the oral cavity
continually monitor the bolus

32
Q

orbicularis oris

A

maintains oral seal

33
Q

mentalis

A

elevates lower seal

34
Q

buccinator

A

flattens cheeks

35
Q

risouris

A

flattens cheeks

36
Q

masseter

A

elevates mandible (V)

37
Q

temporalis

A

elevates mandible; moves mandible grinds mandible laterally (V)

38
Q

lateral pterygoid

A

protrudes and grind mandible (V)

39
Q

facial muscles

A

orbicularis oris , mentalis, buccinator, and risouris (cn VII)

40
Q

mandiblular muscles

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid (V)

41
Q

tongue muscle (digastric)

A

elevates hyoid; depresses mandible (V,VII)

42
Q

tongue muscle: geniohyoid

A

elevates hyoid; depresses mandible (XII)

43
Q

mylohyoid : tongue muscle

A

elevates floor of mouth (V)

44
Q

superior longitudinal : tongue muscle

A

elevates tip; deviates tip (XII)

45
Q

tongue muscle; inferior longitudinal

A

depresses tip; deviates tip (XII)

46
Q

genioglossus :tongue muscle

A

moves tongue body ; cups tongue (XII)

47
Q

tongue muscle : styloglossus

A

elevates posterior tongue (XII)

48
Q

tongue muscle: palatoglossus

A

elevates posterior tongue (IX, X, XI)

49
Q

soft palate muscle : palatoglossus

A

depresses velum (IX, X, XI)

50
Q

soft palate muscle: palatopharyngeus

A

depresses velum (X, XI)

51
Q

When the bolus is ready to be
swallowed

A

Bolus pushed back toward the
oropharynx by the tongue in a
front to back squeezing action Voluntary or involuntary

52
Q

Muscles involved in oral stage

A

Mandibular muscles
– Tongue muscles

53
Q

vertical

A

cups and grooves tongue (XII)

54
Q

Pharyngeal Stage is when

A

Complex sequence of reflexively
controlled events

55
Q

the pharyngeal stage begins

A

Begins when bolus reaches
faucial pillars

56
Q

Bolus propelled through

A

pharynx
to relaxed esophageal sphincter
which receives bolus

57
Q

Central pattern generator circuits

A

Control mechanism for highly organized
and involuntary movements

58
Q

A tight seal is formed

A

to
protect the airway

59
Q

Food passes over epiglottis than

A

through the pyriform sinuses to
the esophagus

60
Q

Hyolaryngeal elevation

A

elevation of the larynx is a key player in
relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
and protection of the airway

61
Q

Pressurization of the pharynx

A

Driving force behind bolus propulsion into
the esophagus

62
Q

Airway protection

A

vocal folds tightly adduct at the initial stage
of the swallow

63
Q

Pharyngeal timing

A

contract about 300 ms (about 1/3 second)
after the liquid bolus is introduced orally

64
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter relaxation

A

during the swallow the UES relaxes and
opens up as the larynx and hyoid move up
and forward.

65
Q

levator veli palatini

A

elevates soft palate (X, XI)

66
Q

Tensor veli palatini

A

Dilates Eustachian Tube (V)

67
Q

Musculus uvulae

A

Shortens soft palate (X, XI)

68
Q

palatopharyngeus

A

constricts oropharynx to channel bolus (X, XI)

69
Q

salphingopharyngeus

A

elevates pharynx (XI)

70
Q

stylopharyngeus

A

raises larynx (IX)

71
Q

cricopharyngeus

A

relaxes esophageal orifice (X, XI)

72
Q

middle constrictor

A

narrows pharynx (X, XI)

73
Q

Inferior constrictor

A

narrow pharynx (X, XI)

74
Q

Laryngeal cricoarytenoid, transverse aryteniod, and oblique arytenoid

A

adduct vocal (X)

75
Q

laryngeal muscle: Aryepiglotticus

A

retracts epiglottis; constricts aditus (X)

76
Q

laryngeal muscle: thyoepiglotticus

A

dilates airway following swallow (X)

77
Q

what happens in the Final stage of mastication and
deglutition

A

-Purely reflexive and not within
voluntary control
– Swallowing involves peristaltic
movement of the bolus through the
esophagus
– During swallow, respiration ceases for
a second
– Bolus of food enters the stomach

Speech pathology uco (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions