Speech features Flashcards
Define modality
level of certainty
- seen through words such as “must”, “may”. etc.
Outline the three conventions of speeches
- Pathos (appeal to emotion)
- logos (appeal to logic )
- ethos (appeal to authority)
Define pathos
It is influencing how a reader feels via textual (visual and structural) features to serve a text’s purpose
Define ethos
It is a method of persuasion that involves using a relevant authority figure or a figure of trust to provide evidence for your claim, rendering your claim more persuasive to readers
- provides credibility
Define evidence
To make argument stringer by providing credibility via:
- anecdotes (pathos)
- expert opinions (ethos)
- statistics (logos)
Define syntax
how the words are put together
Define repetition
The repeating of an element to add emphasis
Define cumulation
Using many similar words in a short space
- e.g.: “Love is acceptance, heartbreak, persistance and hope.”
Define alliteration
repetition of the first sound in consecutive words
Define epistrophe
a word or phrase repeated at the end of consecutive lines
- e.g.; “They said I did something bad, but why?
- smth smth why?”
Define parallelism
Placing similar words, sentences or larger structures near one another or together.
Define invective
An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong or abusive language.
- “How dare you!”
Define tone
author’s attitude towards the material
Define undertone
a “hidden attitude” under the obvious/primary tone
Define diction
word choice
Define synthetic personalization
The practice of addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage
- “us”, “we”, “you” etc
Define metonymy
“substitute name” — name of an object is replaced with a similar name
- e.g.: “The White house declared” vs “The President declared”
Define synecdoche
a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole and the whole for a part
- e.g.: They may use “Hamas” to refer to Palestinians (ig widely seen in stereotypes/prejudiced statements)
Define testimonial
Anecdotes
Define card stacking
telling the facts for one side only
Define antithesis
to show present two contrasting ideas
