speech and language Flashcards

1
Q

what is communication through vocalized sounds(phonation) that form spoken words and sentences

A

speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define phonation

A

direct sounds produced by the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define phoneme

A

a distinct sound that contrasts with others( Amer. English = 25 consonant and 17 vowel phonemes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

disturbance of phonation causing alteration of volume (hyper and hypophonia)

A

dysphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

disturbance of articulation caused by impaired motor control resulting in slurring of speech

A

dysarthria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

absence of phonation

A

mutism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examination of speech:

when you are examining spontaneous speech, which three aspects should you listen for?

A

speech volume

rate of speech

articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in which condition is speech volume increased?

decreased

A

increased in hearing deficits

decreased in vocal cord and extrapyramidal disorders - eg Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

rate of speech increased in ______; decreased in ______

A

increased in fluent aphasia

decreased in non-fluent aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

artciulation is abnormal in which type of disorders? (3)

A

CNS and PNS disorders and in end-organ lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

system of arbitrary symbols(sounds, writtten symbols, gestures) that permit communiation of thoughts, ideas, emotions

A

language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is aphasia?

A

loss of ability for spoken and written language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is alexia?

A

loss of the ability to read when no visual impairment exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is agraphia?

A

loss of the ability to write when no motor impairment exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

language errors due to word or sound subsitution

A

paraphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define semantic paraphasia

A

substitution of one word for another( eg fork for spoon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define phonemic paraphasia

A

substitution of one sound for another ( eg moon for spoon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define neologism

A

creation of meaningless word (eg woon for spoon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the meaning or the interpretation of a word, sentence, or other lanugage form (ie language lexicon)

A

semantics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

system of rules (grammar) implicit in a language, viewed as a mechanism for generating all sentences possible in that language

A

syntax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define prosody

A

tone, inflection, volume of words and sentences that add meaning to language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

broadmann’s number for Wernicke’s area?

A

22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

brodmann’s numbers for Broca’s area

24
Q

what fasciculus connects Wernicke’s to Broca’s area

A

arcuate fasciculus

25
3 main language disorders?
broca's aphasia Wernicke's aphasia Conduction aphasia
26
describes what: 1. expressive or motor aphasia 2. nonfluent speech, difficulty with syntax, grammar, and **production of individual words ** 3. comprehension is intact
Broca's aphasia
27
**_decribes what?_** 1. receptive or sensory aphasia 2. fluent speech, syntax, and grammar, and structure of words is intact 3. Difficulty with **_comprehension of speech _** 4. produces nonsensical words and phrases
Wernicke Aphasia (22)
28
which disorder: difficulty repeating words both comprehension and production of language intact?
conduction aphasia
29
lateralization of language: in \>95% of right handed ppl, which hemisphere is dominant for language?
left hemisphere dominant
30
1. ~65 of left handed ppl are dominant in which hemisphere for language? 2. 15-20% of lefties are dominant in which hemisphere for language? 3. remainder of lefties are _____ dominant?
1. right handed ppl = left hemisphere dominant 2. left-handed ppl, right hemisphere dominant 3. remainder have mixed dominance
31
Brocas area (44,45) in which hemisphere for most right handed ppl?
left
32
calcarine cotex = which cortex
visual
33
what are two functions (language related) common to both the left and right hemispheres?
**analysis of visual field** (left hemisphere analyzes right visual fied; right hemisphere analyzes left visual field) **stereognosis**
34
what are three language functions specific to the left hemisphere?
1. lexical and syntactic language 2. writing 3. speech
35
what are 2 functions specific to right hemisphere (language related)
1. emotional coloring of language(prosody) 2. rudimentary speech 3. spatial abilities
36
what is normal verbal output of 100-150 words/min; assess through spontaneous conversation
expression
37
what is tested when you test ability to follow simple and complex spoken commands
comprehension of spoken language
38
what is tested when you ask a subject to repeat single words and phrases
repetition
39
what is tested when you ask subject to read aloud and follow a written command
reading
40
what is tested when you ask a subject to write a simple sentence
writing
41
what is tested when you ask a subject to identify common objects
naming
42
what are the six components of language testing
expression comprehension of spoken language repetition reading writing naming
43
1. What type of syndrome is Broca's aphasia? 2. What are three key characteristics of Broca's aphasia(what is redcued, what is spared, which brodmann's areas)? 3. what is the MC cause of Broca's aphasia? 4. repetition in Broca's aphasia?
1. non-fluent, expressive aphasia 2. a. reduced verbal output (\<50 words/min) b. comprehesion usually spared, but some trouble with understanind complex syntactical alnguage c. lesion location, Brodmann's areas 44 and 45 3. stroke 4. repetition poor, agrammatic
44
What type of syndrome is Wernicke's aphasia? 1. verbal output? 2. how is comprehension ? 3. where is lesion located? 4. what causes the lesion? 5. repetition?
Perisylvian syndrome (fluent, receptive- aphasia) 1. verbal output normal or increased: ~200 words/min 2. comprehension seriously impaired (also sentences devoind of meaningful language, most noticeable is absence of nouns replaced by pronouns and prepositions) 3. lesion located in Brodmann's area 22 4. MC cause = stroke 5. repetition poor, paraphasic errors are common; neologism common
45
which perisylvian syndrome is characterized by serious impiarment of both expressive and receptive language function? what lesion causes the above symptoms?
1. global aphasia ( nonfluent, paraphasic erros) 2. lesion involves large area of the left hemiphseres and causes are similar to that of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia (stroke)
46
**which perisylvian syndrome condition characterized by: ** 1. comprehension and fluency relatively good 2. repition is poor 3. paraphasic errors are common **where is the lesion located? ** **what is the most common cause of the lesion? **
1. conduction aphasia 2. lesion located in supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus 3. mc cause = occlusion of the angular branch of the left middle cerebral artery
47
which extra-sylvian syndrome is characterizedby: 1. uncommon aphasia similar to broca's exect that subjects are able to repeat 2. lesion location is left anterior frontal lobe, either superior or inferior to Broca's area, lesions of the left basal ganglia may be a rare lesion site 3. cause similar to Broca's
Transcortical motor aphasia
48
which extra-sylvian syndrome is characterizedby: 1. unocmmon aphasia similar to Wernicke's expect that subjects are able to repeat 2. lesion location = border zone btw the left middle cerebral and posterior cerebral areteries 3. causes similar to Wernicke's but also **_severe hypotension _**
transcortical sensory aphasia
49
lesion characterizedby: 1. uncommon aphasia similar to global aphasia expect subjects are able to repeat 2. lesion location = border zone btw the left middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries 3. causes are stroke and severe hypotension
mixed transcortical aphasia
50
lesion characterized by: 1. poorly defined since all aphasias have naming difficulty 2. lesion location may be anywhere in language area
anomic aphasia
51
what is an anomic aphasia characterized by: anomia alexia, agraphia, right-left disorientation, acalculia, finger agnosia, lesion localized to l**_eft anglular gyrus (area 39) _**
Gerstmann syndrome
52
what are the 6 extra-sylvian syndromes?
transcortical motor aphasia transcortical sensory aphasia mixed transcortical aphasia anomic aphasia subcortical aphasia alexia w/out agraphia
53
which lesion is characterized by: subjects with lesions of the left basal ganglia or left thalamus may be associated with variable forms of aphasia
subcortical aphasia
54
aphasia characterized by: 1. inability to read but preserved ability to write 2. lesion location is the left medial occipital and medial temporal lobe involving the **_splenium of the corpus callosum _** 3. cause is branch occlusion of the **_left posterior cerebral artery _**
alexia without agraphia
55
what causes alexia w/out agraphia?
branch occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery
56
what is alexia without agraphia?
inability to read but preseved ability to write lesion location is left medial occipital and medial temporal lobe involving the splenium ofthe corpus callosum. cause: branch occlusion of left posterior cerebral artery one example of a lesion that would cause this is: lesion of left visual cortex and splenium of the corpus callosum