23 a cortex Flashcards
the cerebral cortex develops as outpocketings of the ________, the most anterior part of the neural tube
prosencephalon
the two cerebral hemispheres form on either side of the ________
telencephalon
from ~100 days – 6 months the corictal surface is smooth or ______
lissenchephalic
by birth at 9 months, the surface of the cortex has become covered with a pattern of ridges and valleys and the brain is now considered?
gyrencephalic
cerebral cortex lobes
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
extent of frontal lobe
frontal lobe to central sulcus
parietal lobe
central sulcus to imaginary line connecting the preocciptial notch to the parietooccipital sulcus
occipital lobe
parietoccipital sulcus to oppitipal pole
the three types of cortex
allocortex
isocortex
mesocortex
how many layers is the allocortex?
3 layers. (example = hippocampal formation, olfactory cortex)
isocortex = neocortex has how many layers
6
number of layers in mesocortex?
3-5 layers
what are the types of cortex defined by evolutionary age?
Paleocortex - oldest (olfactory cortex)
Archicortex - next oldest (hippocampal formation)
Neocortex -
During development what is Archicortex, paleocortex, and neocortex made from
archicortex - formed from medial pallium
paleocortex - from lateral pallium
neocortex - dorsal pallium
what are the supraglanular layers of the cortex?
layers I, II ,III
what is the granular layer of the cortex?
layer IV(4)
what are the subgranular layers fo the cortex?
layers V and VI
which cells are in layer 1?
molecular layer - poor in cells, and in mature brain they are GABAergic internneurons
layers II and III form the _______
superficial pyramidal layer
layer V is called the _____
deep pyramidal cell layer
layer VI is known as the _______
polymorphic layer
what are the projection neurons of the cortex?
which 2 NT do they use?
spiny or aspiny?
shape?
pyramidal cells
glutamate and aspartate
spiny - (dendritic spines are the site of excitatory synapes onto dendrites)
pear-shaped soma and a single dominant apical dendrite (as well as basal rosette of dendrites)
which NT do nonpyramidal cells use?
do they leave the cortex?
what shape and which layer of cortex?
GABA
they are interneurons - local circuit that only project locally within cortex
shape = multipolar or bipolar; layer IV
in layer IV of primary sensor cortex, what is the nonpyramidal neuron that uses glutamate as its NT? does it project outside cortex?
spiny stellate cell - only projects locally (local circuit interneuon)
chandelier, basket, neuroglia form adn bipolar cells are all examples of ?
nonpyramidal cell types
shape of pyramidal cell
single dominant apical dendrite, a basal rosette of dendrites, and an axon that leaves the soma and projects into th deep white matter, giving off lateral collaterals
name 4 types of interneurons?
chandelier, basket, bipolar and bi-tufted
