23 a cortex

Question 1

the cerebral cortex develops as outpocketings of the ________, the most anterior part of the neural tube

Answer 1

prosencephalon

Question 2

the two cerebral hemispheres form on either side of the ________

Answer 2

telencephalon

Question 3

from ~100 days – 6 months the corictal surface is smooth or ______

Answer 3

lissenchephalic

Question 4

by birth at 9 months, the surface of the cortex has become covered with a pattern of ridges and valleys and the brain is now considered?

Answer 4

gyrencephalic

Question 5

cerebral cortex lobes

Answer 5

frontal

parietal

occipital

temporal

Question 6

extent of frontal lobe

Answer 6

frontal lobe to central sulcus

Question 7

parietal lobe

Answer 7

central sulcus to imaginary line connecting the preocciptial notch to the parietooccipital sulcus

Question 8

occipital lobe

Answer 8

parietoccipital sulcus to oppitipal pole

Question 9

the three types of cortex

Answer 9

allocortex

isocortex

mesocortex

Question 10

how many layers is the allocortex?

Answer 10

3 layers. (example = hippocampal formation, olfactory cortex)

Question 11

isocortex = neocortex has how many layers

Answer 11

6

Question 12

number of layers in mesocortex?

Answer 12

3-5 layers

Question 13

what are the types of cortex defined by evolutionary age?

Answer 13

Paleocortex - oldest (olfactory cortex)

Archicortex - next oldest (hippocampal formation)

Neocortex -

Question 14

During development what is Archicortex, paleocortex, and neocortex made from

Answer 14

archicortex - formed from medial pallium

paleocortex - from lateral pallium

neocortex - dorsal pallium

Question 15

what are the supraglanular layers of the cortex?

Answer 15

layers I, II ,III

Question 16

what is the granular layer of the cortex?

Answer 16

layer IV(4)

Question 17

what are the subgranular layers fo the cortex?

Answer 17

layers V and VI

Question 18

which cells are in layer 1?

Answer 18

molecular layer - poor in cells, and in mature brain they are GABAergic internneurons

Question 19

layers II and III form the _______

Answer 19

superficial pyramidal layer

Question 20

layer V is called the _____

Answer 20

deep pyramidal cell layer

Question 21

layer VI is known as the _______

Answer 21

polymorphic layer

Question 22

what are the projection neurons of the cortex?

which 2 NT do they use?

spiny or aspiny?

shape?

Answer 22

pyramidal cells

glutamate and aspartate

spiny - (dendritic spines are the site of excitatory synapes onto dendrites)

pear-shaped soma and a single dominant apical dendrite (as well as basal rosette of dendrites)

Question 23

which NT do nonpyramidal cells use?

do they leave the cortex?

what shape and which layer of cortex?

Answer 23

GABA

they are interneurons - local circuit that only project locally within cortex

shape = multipolar or bipolar; layer IV

Question 24

in layer IV of primary sensor cortex, what is the nonpyramidal neuron that uses glutamate as its NT? does it project outside cortex?

Answer 24

spiny stellate cell - only projects locally (local circuit interneuon)

Question 25

chandelier, basket, neuroglia form adn bipolar cells are all examples of ?

Answer 25

nonpyramidal cell types

Question 26

shape of pyramidal cell

Answer 26

single dominant apical dendrite, a basal rosette of dendrites, and an axon that leaves the soma and projects into th deep white matter, giving off lateral collaterals

Question 27

name 4 types of interneurons?

Answer 27

chandelier, basket, bipolar and bi-tufted