Speech and Language Flashcards
It is the acoustic representation of language; oral production of words in a given language
Speech
socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts
u through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule governed combinations of those symbols (Owens, 2008, p.460)
LANGUAGE
It is the translation of sounds, words, word order and nonverbal signals into intended message
LANGUAGE
exchange of ideas between sender(s) and receiver(s).
- involves message transmission and response.
COMMUNICATION
Communication is separated into 2 parts:__ and __
Verbal and Nonverbal
Explain the communication process
- Sender has a thought
- Messages it through language, speech, nonverbal
- Receiver translates of sounds, words, word order, and nonverbal signals
it requires encoding (sending of message) and decoding (receiving and understanding)
The communication process
Sounds become (blank) only if they are words that have meaning
SPEECH
Four processes in speech production
Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
Respiration
the breathing that produces the sound
Phonation
sound produced by the vibration of the vocal cords
Resonation
product of the sound travelling through the body tissues of the head and neck
Articulation
sound produced by the movement of the mouth, tongue, lips, teeth, palate
Articulation Disorders may result from
- abnormal structures of the articulators
- faulty learning (no physical/anatomical
reason) - hearing loss
- neurological damage
SPEECH DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH OROFACIAL DEFECTS
Tongue and Lips
Ears
Teeth
Nasal Passages, gums and palates
SPEECH DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE
Involves damage to the brain, nerves or muscles involved in speech
(diaphragm, larynx, throat, tongue, jaw and lips).
APRAXIA
inability to plan and execute movement of the muscles
DYSARTHRIA
Voice disorder due to impaired motor
control of throat, tongue or lips.
ANARTHIA
Loss of the ability to speak.
A loss of control of the muscles of speech, resulting in the inability to articulate words.
usually caused by damage to a central or peripheral motor nerve
DYSPHONIA
any abnormality in the speaking voice, such as hoarseness. A disorder of voice quality
Main Causes in Children
- Faulty learning is the #1 reason in children.
- Hearing loss causes trouble with consonants and vowels in severe cases.
- Structural differences such as cleft palate or poor dentition (misalignment of teeth or poor shape of dental arc).
- Neurological-Cerebral Palsy results in tight muscles that may cause a delay in articulation and poor coordination.
Main Causes in Adults
- Poor learning. This is usually corrected by adulthood but not always.
- Hearing loss makes it harder for adults to monitor their own speech.
- Changes in anatomy and oral structures such as a glossectomy (removal of pieces of the tongue) or car accidents that cause facial fractures, or tumors in the mouth that may or may not have been removed.
- Neurological-Stroke may cause paralysis of the tongue and face or cranial nerves.
Define the ASHA 5 subsystems
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Phonology (sound) - the sound system
Morphology (word form) - structure of words
Syntax - how words are arranged in a sentence
Semantics - pieces of meaning that come together to define a particular word
Pragmatics - social use of language
Causes of developmental language problems
Absence of verbal language
Quantitatively different language
Delayed language development
Interrupted language development
APHASIA
literally means without language. Loss of ability to speak because of brain damage
Development of Sound Production for age 3
m, n, h, p, ng, f, w
acronym: My Neighbor Has Pie Now Good For Wendy
Development of Sound Production for 3.5
y
Development of Sound Production for 4
k, d, g, b, r
ken,daniel,glenn,benze,rei
Development of Sound Production for 4.5
s, sh, tsh
Development of Sound Production for 6
t, l, th (thumb), v
the long thumb vine
Development of Sound Production for 7
th (father), dz, z
0 to 11 months
Before 6 months, the child does not startle, blink or change immediate activity in response to sudden loud sounds
RED FLAG
Before 6 months, the child does not attend to the human voice and is not soothed by his/her mother’s voice
RED FLAG
By 6 months, the child does not babble strings of consonant + vowel syllables or imitate gargling or cooing sounds
RED FLAG
By 10 months, the child does not respond to his/her name
RED FLAG
Language Delay Identification
Failure of the child to master 50 words by 2 years of age
What is early identification?
it is the evaluation and treatment provided to families and their children under three years old who have, or are at risk for having, a disability or delay in speech, language, or hearing.
Standard test for Evaluation
direct observation of play and interaction with caregivers;
reports by parents, teachers, or physicians;
collection and detailed analysis of spontaneous speech samples
what is assessment?
Systematic process of obtaining information from many sources, through various means and different settings.
For verification and identification of strengths and weaknesses as well as identify the problem itself.
Identify Intervention Strategies
Therapy
Interactive approaches
Augmentative communication Computer
Facilitated communication
Intervention for Fluency Disorders (Fillers, hesitations, repetitions, prolongations, stuttering)
