Moral Flashcards
What is Kohlberg’s first level of moral development?
Preconventional
Which stage is characterized by the idea that an act is moral if it satisfies one’s needs?
Instrumental orientation
In which stage do most adolescents develop?
Conventional
What is the main focus of Stage 3: Good person orientation?
Approval and pleasing
At what stage does the individual prioritize social order and laws?
Social system and conscience
What is the highest level of Kohlberg’s theory?
Postconventional
Stage 6, Universal ethical principles, is based on:
Personal conscience and universal principles
At what year does Stage 2 (Instrumental orientation) start to develop?
7-8 years
Which level is dominant for most adults?
Conventional
Which theorist is associated with the theory of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
What stage focuses on balancing individual rights with societal needs?
Social contract orientation
At what stage do children recognize fairness and punishment for wrongdoers?
Punishment and obedience orientation
What is the key characteristics of Level 1: Preconventional?
Egocentric, Immediate concerns
What is the final stage of Kohlberg’s moral development theory?
Universal ethical principles
In Ericsson’s theory, what is the first stage of psychosocial development?
Basic trust vs Mistrust
What stage involves adults developing a sense of competence
Industry vs Inferiority
What is the potential outcome of too much guilt according to Erickson?
Inhibition
What stage reflects the concern for the next generation?
Generativity vs Stagnation
In Erickson stages, too much identity can lead to:
Fanaticism
Which crisis is resolved by fidelity, according to Erickson?
Identity vs Role Confusion
Excessive shame in early childhood may lead to:
Obsessive behavior
A child with too much autonomy may lack:
Shame
A German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst
Erik Erikson
Too much purpose and no guilt can lead to:
Ruthlesness
If adult’s support the child’s efforts, a sense of — are likely to develop
Competence
If caretakers do not support the child, feelings of — are likely to develop
Inferiority
Too much competency and the child becomes an adult too fast, develops either into — or —
Histrionic or Shallow
Too much inferiority:
Inertia
If they develop crisis, they develop:
Fidelity
Too little identity:
May join cults or hate groups
Failure to develop intimacy can lead to:
Promiscuity or Exclusion
Too much generativity:
Overextension
This level of Kohlberg’s theory understands the perspectives of others
Conventional
What stage is characterized by viewing relationships from a 3rd person perspective?
Good person orientation
What stages are belong to Preconventional?
Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation, Stage 2: Instrumental orientation
In Erickson’s stage of initiative vs guilt, what happens if children are punished for their attempts at initiative?
They develop a sense of guilt
What is the positive outcome of the stage Basic Trust vs Mistrust
Sense of hope
What Erickson’s stage involves older adults reflecting on their life’s achievements and failures?
Ego integrity vs Despair
What is the primary goal in the stage of Identity vs Role Confusion?
Developing identity
When the parents fail to provide consistent, adequate, and nurturing care, the child develops:
Basic mistrust
When the parents fail to provide consistent, adequate, and nurturing care, the child develops:
Basic mistrust
He created theories in moral development
Lawrence Kohlberg
He created theories in psychological development
Erik Erikson
