Speech Anatomy Quiz/Exam 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Structure of an organism

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Function/Chemical processes of an organism

Question 3

Anatomical position

Answer 3

This is the base position in which the body is erect and palms, hands, and arms are facing forward.

Question 4

Axial Skeleton

Answer 4

Head and trunk with the spinal column being the axis.

Question 5

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 5

The upper and lower limbs.

Question 6

Neuraxis

Answer 6

Axis of the brain

Question 7

Posterior/Dorsal

Answer 7

This refers to the back of the body.

Question 8

Anterior/Ventral

Answer 8

This refers to the front of the body and belly area.

Question 9

Superior

Answer 9

The upper point

Question 10

Inferior

Answer 10

The lower point

Question 11

Sagittal

Answer 11

Planes going left to right

Question 12

Coronal/Frontal

Answer 12

Planes going front to back

Question 13

Transverse/Horizontal

Answer 13

Planes going up and down

Question 14

Proximal

Answer 14

Closer to the trunk or attached end

Question 15

Distal

Answer 15

Further from the trunk or attached end

Question 16

Cranial

Answer 16

Toward the head

Question 17

Caudal

Answer 17

Toward the tail

Question 18

Superficial

Answer 18

Toward the surface

Question 19

Deep

Answer 19

Away from the surface

Question 20

Medial

Answer 20

Toward the midline

Question 21

Lateral

Answer 21

Away from the midline

Question 22

Central

Answer 22

At or near the center

Question 23

Peripheral

Answer 23

Away from the center

Question 24

Head

Answer 24

Proximal Portion of bone

Question 25

Neck

Answer 25

Constricted portion of a structure

Question 26

Organ

Answer 26

Aggregates of tissues with functional unity

Question 27

Sheath

Answer 27

Covering

Question 28

Suture

Answer 28

Immobile articulation

Question 29

Symphysis

Answer 29

Immobile articulation fused in early development

Question 30

Building blocks of anatomy

Answer 30

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Systems

Question 31

Parts of a cell

Answer 31

-Protoplasm: Nucleus (DNA) and cytoplasm

-Semi permeable membrane

-Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration and produces ATP

-Endoplasmic Reticulum: In the transportation system of the cell and involved in protein and lipid synthesis

-Others: Proteins, fats, enzymes, and hormones

Question 32

Tissues

Answer 32

Combination of cells that join together for a certain function

Question 33

Types of tissues

Answer 33

• Epithelial

-Connective

• Muscular

-Vascular

-Nervous

Question 34

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 34

• Does not have intercellular substance

-Located on skin, mucous membranes, and lines tubes of internal cavities.

• Acts as a protective layer and sometimes contain cilia.

Question 35

Connective Tissue

Answer 35

• Does have an intercellular substance (the matrix: can be semi fluid or solid)

-The function of connective tissues is to support structures and maintain the body.

• Connective Tissues can be divided into areolar, fibrous, and special.

Question 36

Areolar (loose) connective tissue

Answer 36

• Binds things together with the allowance of movement

-Adisposed tissue is an example and it is areolar tissue with a high fat concentration

Question 37

Fibrous (Dense) Connective Tissue

Answer 37

-Closely packed fibers that can be white fibrous or yellow elastic tissue.

-Fibrous tissues can be divided into tendons (tough fibers attached to bone and cartilage) , aponeuroses (flat sheet like tendons that creates attachment from muscle to muscle and provides stability), ligaments (elastic fibers connecting bones and cartilage), and Fascia (fibrous membrane encasing muscle fibers).

Question 38

Special Connective Tissue

Answer 38

-These tissues provide structure to the body

-Cartilage (flexible and strong) and bone (hardest connective tissue with the body containing 206 bones) are special connective tissues

Question 39

Muscular Tissue

Answer 39

-Muscle is made up of fascicles which is made up of muscle fiber.

-These are tissues with elongated cells that are able to contact and generate body movements.

-Contains three types of muscular tissue which are cardiac, skeletal, and smooth.

-Connective Tissue wrappings is in the order of muscle fiber- endomysium (fibrous muscle sheath)- perimysium (collagen sheath binding muscle fibers into fascicles)-epimysium (Sheath that encases entire muscle)

Question 40

Order of Skeletal muscle

Answer 40

Action (Thin filament)/ Myosin (Thick Filament)- Myofilament- Sarcomere- Myofibril- Muscle Fiber- Fascicle- Muscle

Question 41

Types of Muscle

Answer 41

• Skeletal Muscle: Striated and voluntary

-Smooth Muscle: Visceral muscle in organs. Non striated and in-voluntary.

-Cardiac Muscle: Striated and involuntary

Question 42

Muscular Tissue Terms

Answer 42

• Agonist/Antagonist: In skeletal muscle the agonist contracts and the antagonist relaxes/lengthens.

-Synergist: In Skeletal muscle these are muscles that assist the agonist in accomplishing a movement.

-Origin: Point of attachment of the least mobile element.

• Insertion: Point of attachment that moves as a result of muscle contraction.

Question 43

Terms for Muscle Contraction

Answer 43

-Extension/Flexion

-Abduction/Adduction

-Rotation (medial/lateral)

Question 44

Vascular Tissue

Answer 44

-Makes up 10% of body weight and contains a fluid intercellular substance.

-Vascular Tissue conveys food/oxygen to cells, removes waste, distributes heat, and defends from microorganisms.

-Made up of blood such as : Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (White blood cells), Plasma, and Platelets.

-Lymph within vascular tissue is the nutrient plasma of the tissue.