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College Study Sets > Audiometry Exam II Study Set > Flashcards

Audiometry Exam II Study Set Flashcards

1
Q

Why is pure tone audiometry used?

A

It is used to determine hearing loss degree, find location of the hearing issue, and to determine the clients needs due to the hearing loss.

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2
Q

What is pure tone audiometry?

A

This is the procedure in which hearing thresholds (softest sound heard 50% of the time) are found in each ear. This threshold is found for different frequencies.

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3
Q

Stimulus and excitable receptor

A

Stimulus-The noise/pure tone being sent to the client.

Excitable receptor- The clients ear/ system of hearing.

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4
Q

What is an Audiometer?

A

This is the device used for testing pure tones and is based on a scale of octave and half octave frequencies. These audiometers come in several different variations.

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5
Q

What are the parts of an audiometer?

A

Frequency selector dial, output selector, masking level dial, hearing level dial, and interrupter switch/ presentation dial.

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6
Q

What is an audiogram?

A

An audiogram is a graph that depicts an individuals thresholds. On the x-axis it depicts frequencies (Hz), and on the y axis it shows intensities (dB HL).

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7
Q

What are air conduction audiometric symbols?

A

Right ear- Responses are recorded in the color red using a circle for unmasked sounds and a triangle for masked sounds.

Left Ear- Responses are recorded in the color blue using an x for unmasked sounds and a square for masked sounds.

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8
Q

Adult Levels of hearing loss

A

-10 to 25 dB HL: Normal hearing

26 to 40 dB HL: Mild hearing loss

41 to 55 dB HL: Moderate hearing loss

56 to 70 dB HL: Moderately-Severe hearing loss

71 to 90 dB HL: Severe hearing loss

91 plus dB HL: Profound hearing loss

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9
Q

Child Levels of hearing loss

A

-10 to 20 dB HL: Normal hearing

21 to 40 dB HL: Mild hearing loss

41 to 55 dB HL: Moderate hearing loss

56 to 70 dB HL: Moderately-Severe hearing loss

71 to 90 dB HL: Severe hearing loss

91 plus dB HL: Profound hearing loss

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10
Q

What is air conduction testing?

A

Air conduction test hearing based on the sounds passing through all three parts of the ear. These are used to specify hearing loss degree. Testing for this is done through ear phones.

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11
Q

Testing air conduction thresholds

A

Testing begins at 30dB at 1000Hz if there is no response you should increase to 50db, and keep increasing by 10dB until patient responds. If there is never a response once limits are reached 3 times record no response.

When a client responds decrease by 10dB and keep doing so until they don’t respond in which you increase by 5dB. The threshold obtained should be the level at which the patient hears 3/6 times.

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12
Q

Environment for testing

A

To reduce noise within the testing room either insert head phones, earphone enclosures, or sound isolated chambers should be used. One room setups are the most common for hearing screenings.

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13
Q

Maximum allowable ambient noise levels

A

22 at 500HZ, 30 at 1000hz, 34 at 2000 hz, 42 at 4000hz, and 45 at 8000 hz.

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14
Q

Listening check

A

A listening check should always be conducted to ensure that there are no changes on frequencies, intensities, quality of tones, and presence of static.

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15
Q

Role of the patient

A

The role of the patient in hearing test is to indicate when they hear a noise by making a response. This could be done through raising a hand or finger, signal button, vocal response, or playing (for young children).

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16
Q

Role of the clinician

A

Tell the patient what their role is and position the patient to never be able to see what the audiologist is doing but the audiologist can see the patient.

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17
Q

Order of testing frequencies

A

Began at 1000Hz then test, 2000Hz, 4000Hz, 8000Hz, recheck 1000, then test 500 Hz, and 250Hz.

Mid octaves (700Hz, 1500Hz, 3000Hz, and 6000Hz,) should be tested is there is a 20db or more difference between neighboring octaves.

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18
Q

What us pure tone average (PTA)?

A

This is the mean of the threshold levels at 500Hz, 1000Hz, and 2000Hz. This is used to determine the degree of hearing loss.

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19
Q

What is bone conduction testing?

A

This is a type of test that utilizes a bone oscillator to test hearing. This only test the inner ear/sensorineural mechanisms. This in conjunction with air conduction testing can determine the degree and type of haring loss.

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20
Q

How does bone conduction testing work?

A

A bone oscillator/vibrator is placed on someones skull and when a signal is sent the skull vibrates which stimulates the both cochlea (binaural stimulation). This is tested in each ear and masking is used to make sure the ear not being tested is responding.

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21
Q

Bone conduction testing placements

A

There are two area the vibrator can be laced for BC testing. These places are the forehead and the mastoid bone (most common). The hearing level that’s testable for bone conduction is less than that of air conduction.

22
Q

Occlusion Effect

A

This refers to what occurs if the ears are covered during bone conduction testing. Covering the ear improves an individuals low frequency BC threshold. It increase the level of sound pressure within the EAM.

23
Q

Hearing improvement from OE

A

The average hearing level improvement from the OE for each frequency is: 250Hz-30dB, 500Hz-20dB, 1000Hz- 10dB.

24
Q

Method of bone conduction testing

A

This method is the exact same as the method for air conduction. You should begin with the “better ear”, but you do not need to test mid octaves. The oscillator should be secure and not touching the pinna. You should not give accidental cues such as head nodding or arm movement.

25
Q

Bone Conduction Audiometric Symbols

A

Right ear- The right ear will be depicted in the color red with a less than sign for unmasked and a left bracket for masked.

Left ear- The left ear will be depicted in the color blue with a greater than sign for unmasked and a right bracket for masked.

26
Q

Disorder effects on BC thresholds

A

Otitis media and otosclerosis both could cause a reduction in BC thresholds.

27
Q

Comparing AC and BC thresholds

A

BC thresholds should never be significantly poorer than Ac thresholds. Typically BC thresholds tend to be better or the same as AC thresholds. A re-test should occur if found otherwise.

28
Q

What is intramural attenuation?

A

This is the loss of sound energy that can occur in both AC and BC through sound crossing from the test ear to non test ear.

There is 0dB lost through bone conduction, 40dB losses through supra-aural earphones, and 50dB losses for insert headphones.

29
Q

Factors affect BC Testing Validity

A

There is a higher variability in retesting (10-15dB), the outputs are limited by audiometers, and tactile responses can occur at certain levels.

30
Q

Types of hearing loss

A

There are three types of hearing loss affected by various parts of the ear. Conductive hearing loss is due to the outer ear or middle ear. Sensorineural hearing loss is due to the inner ear. Mixed hearing loss is due to a combination of the outer ear, middle ear, or inner ear.

31
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

This hearing loss is present if there are normal bone conduction levels, but poor air conduction levels and an air bone gap. This could be due to a block or collapsing ear canal.

32
Q

What is an air bone gap?

A

An air bone gap is a 15dB or more difference between an air conduction threshold and bone conduction threshold.

33
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

This hearing loss is present if both air conduction and bone conduction hearing levels are poor, and there is no air bone gap present. Some of it’s causes could be Acoustic nerve tumors, noise causing damage, meningitis, and etc.

34
Q

Mixed hearing loss

A

This hearing loss is present if both air conduction and bone conduction levels are poor, and there is an air bone gap present. Causes of this could be ossicle/ temporal bone damage, gaining a conductive loss while having a sensorineural loss, or malformation within the ME and cochlea.

35
Q

Audiogram configurations

A

There are 4 audiogram configurations including: Flat, sloping, rising, and precipitous.

36
Q

Flat audiogram

A

This means that thresholds are 20dB or less apart across all octaves.

37
Q

Rising audiogram

A

This means that lower frequency thresholds are 20dB or more worst than high frequencies.

38
Q

Sloping audiogram

A

This means that high frequencies are 20dB or more worst than lower frequencies.

39
Q

Precipitous audiogram

A

This means that there is a steeply sloping or steeply rising loss/gain of 20dB per octave.

40
Q

Diagnosing hearing loss based on audiogram

A

To diagnose a hearing gloss based on an audiogram you need to determine the degree of hearing at 250 Hz (ac), shape of the audiogram, degree of hearing at 8000 Hz (ac), type of hearing loss, and which ear it is in. (degree, shape, degree, type, ear)

41
Q

Types of speech perception assessments

A

Measurement of speech threshold: Speech recognition threshold (SRT), Pure tone sensitivity cross check, PTA/SRT agreement.

Measurement of supra threshold: Word recognition score (WRS).

42
Q

What is a Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT)

A

The intensity that a person can determine speech information 50% of the time.

43
Q

Confirming pure tone results

A

You must find the pure tone average, only using 500 and 1000 hz if audiogram is steeply sloping. From there the SRT and PTA should be within 6-8dB each other.

44
Q

SRT Method

A

Individuals are tested using spade words (two syllable words) and this test is conducted the same as air and bone conduction.

45
Q

SRT audiometric inputs

A

SRT’s can be conducted through the use of monitored live voice, CD’s, and tape records.

46
Q

What is Speech Awareness Threshold (SAT/SDT)?

A

A test to measure the lowest level at which a patient can hear speech. Primarily used for profoundly deaf and non-verbal individuals. SAT is 10-15dB better than PTA, and 10dB better than SRT.

47
Q

What is word recognition testing/score (WRS)?

A

Word recognition testing is a suprathreshold test to determine an individuals ability to understand isolated amplified words.

48
Q

WRS method

A

This test utilizes monosyllabic words (one syllabic words) and equivalent list ( standardized word lists contain the same phoneme distribution (NU-6 words commonly used) ). They utilize a carrier phrase and is always presented at 40 dB SL. Only hearing test scored with a percent.

49
Q

What is sensation level (SL)?

A

Sensation level is the intensity level above the threshold. (You add sensation level to SRT)

50
Q

What does WRS determine?

A

Word recognition test can help find the sight of hearing disorder and help decide the need for an amplification device.

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