spectrum of commonly used agents Flashcards
Benzyl penicillin
beta lactam penicillin gram positive organisms plus menigococci gram negative exception Most used for IV treatment against serious pneumonococcal, meningococcal and Strep pyogenes group A infection
beta lactam penicillin Much better oral absorption than benzyl penicillin gram negative organisms 20-30% coliforms resistant also streptococci
Amoxicillin/ ampicillin
Co-amoxiclav
beta lactam
penicillin
amoxicillin + beta lactamase inhibitor clauvulnic acid
beta lactam
penicillin
Resistant to beta lactamase from staphylococcal
Flucloxacillin
Piperacillin
beta lactam
broad spectrum penicillin
active against pseudomonas
anti-anaerobic activity so used for serious intra-abdominal infection
beta lactam
carbapenem
widest spectrum of all
active against most bacteria including anaerobes
Imipenem, meropenem
Why has the use of cephalosporins decreased markedly in recent years?
They encourage Clostridium difficile infection
Does the effect of cephalosporins on gram negative bacteria increase or decrease as you go up the generations?
And gram positive?
Increases - gram negative
Decreases - gram positive
Gentamicin
aminoglycoside
gram negative organisms inc. pseudomonas
also Staphylococci
glycopeptides (name two types)
gram positive organisms
aerobic and anaerobic
one very toxic
Vancomycin and teicoplanin
Clarithromycin or Erythromycin
macrolides
gram positive organisms
alternate to penicillin for those with penicillin hypersensitivity
affective against organisms causing ‘atypical pneumonia’
macrolide
single doses treatment of Chlamydia infection
Azithromycin
When would quinolones be used?
If previous treatment didn’t work as high toxicity
Metronidazole
miscellaneous
anaerobes - gram negative and gram positive
miscellaneous
anti-staphylococcul drug
diffuses well into bone and tissues
staph aureus very resistant so used in combination
Fusidic acid
Trimethroprim
miscellaneous
treatment of UTIs
when combined with sulfamethoxazole it is co-trimoxazole
miscellaneous broad spectrum agents inhibit bacterial protein synthesis few applications not suitable for pregnant woman or children under 12
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
miscellaneous
gram positive organisms - staph and strep, anaerobes
very good tissue penetration
common cause of pseudo-membranous colitis
Linezolid
miscellaneous
activity against MRSA
can be given orally
can cause bone marrow suppression
Daptomycin
miscellaneous
gram positive organisms
treatment against serious MRSA
Fidaxomicin
miscellaneous
bactericidal against C. difficile
narrower spectrum than metronidazole and vancomycin
Which two agents are used only in the treatment of urinary tract infections?
Nalidixic acid and Nitrofurantoin
