mechanisms of action of antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three ways antibiotics may kill or inhibit bacteria?

A
  1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  2. Inhibition of protein synthesis
  3. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
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2
Q

Give two examples of groups of drugs which inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillins and cephalosporins

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3
Q

Give two examples of drugs which inhibit protein synthesis

A

Gentamicin and erythromycin

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4
Q

Give two examples of drugs which inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

A

trimethroprim and ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

What do beta lactam antibiotics do?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for cross-linking the carbohydrate chains for peptidoglycan synthesis

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6
Q

What are PBPs?

A

Penicillin binding proteins

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7
Q

Once the beta lactam antibiotics have disrupted peptidoglycan synthesis, how is the bacteria finally killed?

A

By autolytic enzymes

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8
Q

Penicillins and cephalosporins are what type of antibiotics?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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9
Q

What type of drugs act of cell wall synthesis at a stage prior to beta-lactams, inhibiting assembly of a peptidoglycan precursor?

A

Glycopeptides

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10
Q

Which two glygopeptide antibiotics are in common clinical usage?

A

Vancomycin and teicoplanin

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11
Q

Do glycopeptides act on gram positive bacteria only, gram negative bacteria only or both?

A

Gram positive only

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12
Q

Which route of admission do glycopeptides take?

A

Parenterally as not absorbed from the GI tract

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13
Q

Which glycopeptide is toxic?

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

Give an example of an aminoglycoside

A

gentamicin

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15
Q

What organisms are sensitive to gentamicin?

A

Gram negative (and Staphylococci)

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16
Q

Is gentamicin toxic?

A

yes

17
Q

What type of antibiotics are useful alternatives to penicillins in treatment of gram positive infections in patients who are penicillin allergic?

A

Macrolides

18
Q

Which two drugs are used for serious infection, MRSA in particular, which inhibit protein synthesis?

A

Linezolid and Daptomycin

19
Q

What is the name of the combined drug of Trimethroprim and Sulphamethoxazole, which inhibits purine synthesis?

A

Co-trimoxazole

20
Q

What is trimethroprim commonly used in the treatment of?

A

UTIs

21
Q

What type of bacteria is Ciprofloxacin (nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor) particularly effective against?

A

Gram negative

22
Q

Why can Ciprofloxacin not be used in children?

A

There is a danger of interference with cartilage growth

23
Q

How can Ciprofloxacin be administered?

A

Orally or parenterally