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Antibiotics/Pulmonary > Spectrum of Activity > Flashcards

Spectrum of Activity Flashcards

1
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Gram (+)

A

Streptococcus (Group A and B; pneumoniae); Enterococcus (limited)

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2
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Gram (-)

A

Neisseria meningitidis (PCN G)

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3
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium (not difficile)

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4
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Other

A

Treponema pallidum, Listeria (PCN G)

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5
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Anti-Staph PCNs) - Gram (+)

A

MSSA, Streptococcus (group A and B; pneumoniae), MSSE (only about 50% of Staph epi is MSSE)

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6
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Anti-Staph PCNs) - Gram (-)

A

None

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7
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Anti-Staph PCNs) - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus

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8
Q

Amino-PCNs - Gram (+)

A

Streptococcus (Group A and B; pneumoniae); Enterococcus (with aminoglycoside)

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9
Q

Amino-PCN - Gram (-)

A

H. flu (+/-), Neisseria, Proteus

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10
Q

Amino-PCN - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile)

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11
Q

Amino-PCN - Other

A

Listeria; H. pylori

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12
Q

Amino-PCN + Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus (w/ aminoglycoside)

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13
Q

Amino-PCN + Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus

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14
Q

Amino-PCN + Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile); B. fragilis

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15
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep (weaker than Amino-PCN); Enterococcus (Limited)

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16
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria, M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus (many can produce B-Lactamase); Pseudomonas

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17
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile)

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18
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN + B-Lactamase Inh - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus (limited)

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19
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN + B-Lactamase Inh - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Serratia; Enterobacter; Pseudomonas

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20
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN + B-Lactamase Inh - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile); B. fragilis

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21
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (+)

A 
Staph (good activity vs MSSA + some activity vs MSSE); Strep (except pneumoniae).
Best Gram (+) Cephalosporin.
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22
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (-)

A 
E. coli; Klebsiella, Proteus
Worst Gram (-) Cephalosporin
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23
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin - Anaerobes

A

No activity vs Anaerobic bacteria

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24
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep (weaker than 1st Gen)

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25
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus

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26
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Anaerobes

A

B. fragilis; Clostridium (not difficile); Peptostreptococcus

Cefoxitin better than Cefotetan (primarily)

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27
Q

3rd/4th Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep (weaker than 1st/2nd gen) - PO agents weaker than Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime
MRSA - Ceftaroline only

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28
Q

3rd/4th Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Serratia; Enterobacter (good activity)
Pseudomonas - ceftazidime, cefepime only
Best Cephalosporin against Gram (-)

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29
Q

Carbapenem - Gram (+)

A

Staph, Strep
Broad spectrum ICU coverage
Little/No coverage of MRSA, DRSP, VRE, Enterococcus, “atypical” pneumonia pathogens
Ertapenem - has no MRSA or Enterococcus coverage

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30
Q

Carbapenem - Gram (-)

A

Good activity including Pseudomonas
Broad spectrum ICU coverage
Ertapenem - has no pseudomonas coverage.

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31
Q

Carbapenem - Anaerobes

A

Good activity except C. difficile

Broad spectrum ICU coverage

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32
Q

Vancomycin - Gram (+)

A

Very active against Gram (+) organisms - Staph; MRSA and MRSE - DOC for both; Strep (including all strains of Strep pneumoniae); Enterococcus (w/ aminoglycoside)

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33
Q

Vancomycin - Gram (-)

A

no coverage

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34
Q

Monobactam - Gram (+)

A

no coverage

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35
Q

Monobactam - Gram (-)

A

Gram (-) specialist. Good activity against Gram (-) anaerobes including Pseudomonas

36
Q

Oxazolidinone - Linezolid

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus; MRSA; MRSE; VRE; DRSP

37
Q

Oxazolidinone - Tidizolid

A

MRSA; Streptococcus; E. faecalis

38
Q

Streptogramin

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus (faecium only); MRSA; MRSE; DRSP; VRE (faecium only)

39
Q

Cyclic Lipopeptide

A

Gram (+) specialist - MRSA, VSE, some strains of VRE

40
Q

Lipoglycopeptide - Telavancin

A

Gram (+) bacteria including MRSA

41
Q

Lipoglycopeptide - Dalbavancin

A

MRSA and Streptococcus species

42
Q

Lipoglycopeptide - Oritavancin

A

MRSA; Streptococcus species and VRE (faecalis)

43
Q

Glycylcycline

A

MRSA and VRE

44
Q

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Cipro - Exc/Good coverage

A

E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Enterobacter; Serratia

45
Q

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Cipro Good coverage

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; Pseudomonas

Best Pseudomonas activity of Fluoroquinolones.

46
Q

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Cipro Mod/Poor coverage

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus

Poor coverage for S. pneumoniae

47
Q

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - no coverage

A

B. fragilis

48
Q

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Exc/Good coverage

A

E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Enterobacter; Serratia

49
Q

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Good coverage

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat

50
Q

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Good/Mod/Poor Coverage

A

Staph; Strep

51
Q

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Mod/Poor coverage

A

Enterococcus; Pseudomonas

52
Q

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - no coverage

A

B. fragilis

53
Q

4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Exc/Good coverage

A

Enterobacter; Serratia

54
Q

4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Good coverage

A

Staph; Strep; H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; B. fragilis
Best Respiratory Fluoroquinolone (Gram (+))

55
Q

4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Good/Mod/Poor

A

Enterococcus

56
Q

4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Mod/Poor coverage

A

Pseudomonas

57
Q

Fluoroquinolone - Other coverage

A

Chlamydia; Legionella; Mycoplasma; Mycobacterium TB and Avium (alt); H. pylori (in combo with Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline + Bismuth)

58
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Gram (+)

A

Strep Pneumoniae (50% resistant); Staph (MSSA, MRSA, CA-MRSA)

59
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Gram (-)

A

H. flu; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Serratia (variably susceptible for all of these)

60
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole - Other

A

GI pathogens - Enterotoxigenic E. coli; Salmonella; Shigella; Vibrio cholerae; Yersinia enterocolitica
Listeria; Nocardia; Mycobacterium marinum
Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

61
Q

Aminoglycosides - Gram (+)

A

None

62
Q

Aminoglycosides - Gram (-)

A

Good activity against all Gram (-) anaerobes including Pseudomonas.
Tobramycin is the best Aminoglycoside at Pseudomonas
Gentamicin is the best Aminoglycoside at Serratia

63
Q

Tetracyclines Gram (+)

A

Strep (avoid for highly resistant S. pneumoniae); Staph.
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae

64
Q

Tetracyclines Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; +/- Klebsiella
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae

65
Q

Tetracyclines Anaerobes

A

+/- B. fragilis; Clostridium (not difficile)
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae

66
Q

Tetracyclines - Other

A

Listeria; Mycoplasma; Chlamydia; Rickettsia; Borrelia burgdorferi
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae

67
Q

Macrolides - Erythromycin - Gram (+)

A

Staph (mod to poor); Strep (group A - good (alt if PCN allergic) - S. pneumoniae - good (alt to PCN)
Same as Clarithromycin.

68
Q

Macrolides - Erythromycin - Gram (-)

A

+/- H. flu; +/- Neisseria; + M. cat

69
Q

Macrolides - Erythromycin - Anaerobes

A

Clostridium (not difficile)

70
Q

Macrolides - Erythromycin - Other

A

Good coverage. Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Legionella pneumophila; Chlamydia species (atypical RTI pathogens)
Bordetella pertussis; Treponema pallidum; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Campylobacter jejuni; some Rickettsia

71
Q

Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Gram (+)

A

Staph (mod to poor); Strep (group A - good (alt if PCN allergic) - S. pneumoniae - good (alt to PCN).
Same as Erythromycin.

72
Q

Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Gram (-)

A

H. flu (better than Erythromycin but still moderate); +/- Neisseria; + M. cat.

73
Q

Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Anaerobes

A

Clostridium (not difficile)

74
Q

Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Other

A

Good coverage. Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Legionella pneumophila; Chlamydia species (atypical RTI pathogens)
Bordetella pertussis; Treponema pallidum; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Campylobacter jejuni; some Rickettsia.
Same as Erythromycin but add - Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex; Toxoplasma gondii; Borrelia burgdorferi (deer tick); Babesia microti (Ixodes tick)

75
Q

Macrolides - Azithromycin - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep (same as Erythromycin and Clarithromycin)
S. pyogenes resistance has emerged in other countries with high usage. Pen-R S. pneumoniae also may be resistant to macrolides

76
Q

Macrolides - Azithromycin - Gram (-)

A

H. flu (improved activity vs Erythromycin and Clarithromycin but recently reported bacteriologic failures up to 71%); Neisseria; M. cat

77
Q

Macrolides - Azithromycin - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile)

78
Q

Macrolides - Azithromycin - Other

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia - good coverage.

STIs - Chlamydia trachomatis; Ureaplasma urealyticum; N. gonorrhoeae; Treponema pallidum

79
Q

Clindamycin - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep including Pen-R S. pneumoniae

80
Q

Clindamycin - Gram (-)

A

none

81
Q

Clindamycin - Anaerobes

A

B. fragilis (Clindamycin or Metronidazole is DOC); Other Bacteroides; Clostridia; Peptostreptococcus; Propionibacterium acnes; Fusobacterium

82
Q

Clindamycin - Other

A

Parasites- Gardnerella, Toxoplasmosis. PCP.

83
Q

Metronidazole - Gram (+)

A

none

84
Q

Metronidazole - Gram (-)

A

none

85
Q

Metronidazole - Anaerobes

A

Gram (-) anaerobes - bacteroides and some Gram (+) anaerobes - Clostridium

86
Q

Metronidazole - Other

A

Various protozoa - Trichomonas, Giardia, Entamoeba

H. pylori - often combined with Tetracycline, Amoxicillin and Bismuth.

Antibiotics/Pulmonary (6 decks)

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