Adverse Effects Flashcards

1
Q

PCNs

A
Generally well tolerated
Diarrhea
Allergic Rxn - Rash, anaphylaxis, increased LFTs, interstitial nephritis
Seizures with high doses
Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia
Thrombophlebitis (Nafcillin)
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2
Q

Amox/Amp

A

Maculopapular rash with mono infection (65-90%), CLL (90%), Allopurinol (15-20%) - not true PCN allergy

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3
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

Diarrhea commonly

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4
Q

Cephalosporins

A
Generally well tolerated
Hypersensitivity - cross-reactivity with PCNs. Est to be 2%. Do not use in pts w/anaphylaxis or hives to PCN
Diarrhea
Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia
Platelet dysfunction
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5
Q

Cephalosporin Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to any Cephalosporin
Type 1 allergy to PCNs
Ceftriaxone - use in neonates with increased bilirubin secondary to kernicterus risk

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6
Q

Carbapenems

A

Allergy - rash, anaphylaxis. Cross sensitivity with Beta-lactam anaphylaxis
Seizures (Imipenem primarily) - generally occurred in pts predisposed to seizure. Do not use in meningitis.
GI problems.

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7
Q

Carbapenem contraindications

A

Carbapenem hypersensitivity and Type 1 Beta-Lactam allergy. Do not use in meningitis.

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8
Q

Monobactam

A

Rash; N/V/D

Rare cross-sensitivity to PCNs and Cephalosporins

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9
Q

Vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity - less common with newer preparations
Ototoxicity - more common when adm with aminoglycosides (also ototoxic). More common with sustained trough levels over 20
Red neck/man syndrome - rash on neck, face, back due to rapid infusions. Infuse over at least 60 min.

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10
Q

Fluoroquinolone

A

Use should be limited in children (less than 18) and avoided in pregnancy. Bone/Joint/Cartilage erosion in young animals
GI problems - 2-10% - usually Nausea and diarrhea
CNS - 1-7%. Dizziness, lightheadedness, HA, insomnia
Decreased absorption with metal cations
Interacts with Theophylline (cipro), Warfarin. Avoid combination with other meds that prolong QT interval (Moxi)

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11
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

A

15% sulfa allergy.
GI upset (N/V, anorexia) and Rash most common; Photosensitivity
Rare, life-threatening rxns - Stevens-Johnson, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Blood dyscrasia (Leukopenia, Neutropenia). Hepatotoxic rxns.
Rare crystalluria that leads to renal toxicity.
Hyperkalemia - esp with ACEI, ARB, K sparing diuretic, K supplement; High dose or decreased CrCl.

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12
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to any sulfa drug or TMP; folate deficiency anemia; infants less than 2 months; marked hepatic or renal dysfunction; pregnancy at term or lactation.

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity (often irreversible) - Vestibular - dizziness, impaired vision, nystagmus, vertigo, n/v, balance and walking. Cochlear - tinnitus, hearing impairment.
Nephrotoxicity - (usually reversible) - acute tubular necrosis

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14
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Teeth and bones - gray-brown to yellow permanent discoloration of teeth in children less than 8.
GI upset; photosensitivity; diarrhea (tetracycline); Vertigo (minocycline only); Rare hypersensitivity - serum-sickness like reactions, drug-induced lupus, hepatic injury, nephrotoxicity.

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15
Q

Tetracycline Contraindications

A

Do not use in ages less than 8; pregnancy or lactation

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16
Q

Erythromycin

A

Safe antibiotics. Most AEs are not life threatening.
Primary - GI - N/V, abd cramps, diarrhea
Rare - transient hearing loss; ventricular tachy; QT prolongation