Spectrometry Flashcards

1
Q
  • Meas. light intensity in a much narrower WL using a device (prism/grating) to
    disperse the light source into a cont. spectrum
A

Spectrophotometry

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2
Q

Quantitation of subs of spectrophotometry

A

meas. amt of light absorbed after appropriate treatment

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3
Q

spectrophotometry advantage

A
  • Therefore, it gives a relatively high sensitivity, greater ease of rapid meas.
    compared to visual colorimetry

-High degree of specificity reacts the subs of interest w/ proper rgts = diff colors
(analytical separation prior to color formation rxns)

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4
Q

Filter Photometry

A
  • meas light intensity of multiple WL
  • uses filter to isolate part of spectrum
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5
Q

Parts of Spectrophotometer:

A

Source→(EnS)→monochromator→(ExS)→cuvet→detector→meter/read out device(Galvanometer)

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6
Q

provides radiant energy to monochromator—separates into discrete WL

A

Light Source

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7
Q

is a form of electromagnetic energy Transmitted via electromagnetic waves Characterized by frequency and wavelength

A

Light

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8
Q

is the distance of 2 successive waves (nanometers). Waves are measured by nanometers (wavelength).

A

Wavelength

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9
Q

is number of vibrations of wave motions per second;

A

Frequency

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10
Q

Wavelength is _______ proportional to the frequency and energy.

A

inversely

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11
Q

Shorterwavelength,

A

↑Freq,↑Energy

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12
Q

LongerWavelength

A

↓Freq,↓Energy

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13
Q

Visible spectrum – wavelength

A

400-700 nm

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14
Q

Invisible spectrum ranges below 400 nm

A

UV Region

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15
Q

Invisible spectrum ranges below 700 nm

A

Infrared Region

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16
Q

below 400 nm

A
  • Gamma Rays
  • X-Rays
  • UV
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17
Q

greater 700 nm

A

Infrared and Radio Waves

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18
Q

Spectrum of energy from a short wavelength
of Gamma Rays and X-rays to a longer wavelength of Infrared and Radio waves

Between the invisible Region, the Visible light falls in those regions

A

Spectrum of energy from a short wavelength
of Gamma Rays and X-rays to a longer wavelength of Infrared and Radio waves

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19
Q

Spectrophotometric measurement is related to the principle of beer’s law

A

Beer’s Law

20
Q

The concentration of a substance is Beer’s Law

A

o Directly proportional to amount of light
absorbed
o Inversely proportional to amount of transmitted
light

21
Q

The amount of light absorbed, which is proportional to concentration

Not directly measured by spectrophotometer; derived from percent transmittance

A

Absorbance

22
Q

measures amount of
transmitted light or percent transmittance

A

Spectrophotometer

23
Q

Directly proportional to the inverse logarithm of
percent transmittance

A

Absorbance

24
Q

-Ratio of transmitted light through the sample
(aka the light that is not absorbed by the sample) and the intensity of light striking the sample (from the light source) multiplied by 100

-As light passes through the sample, some of them are absorbed while the remainder passes through

  • Light strikes the light detector and is converted to an electrical signal (% transmittance)
A

% T r a n s m i t t a n c e

25
Q

Measures light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of substance in the solution

A

Spectrophotometry

26
Q

Components of a Spectrophotometer

A

Light Source

Entrance Slit

Monochromator

Exit slip

Sample Cell

Photodetector

Read-out Device

27
Q

Provide incident light for the system

A

Light Source

28
Q

For visible and near infrared spectrum
(wavelengths ranging from 320-700 nm)

A

Incandescent Tungsten or Tungsten iodide
lamp

29
Q

For UV Spectrum

To provide UV radiation in analytic
spectrometers (wavelengths ranging from
165-350 nm)

A

Deuterium-discharge lamp and Mercury arc
lamp

30
Q

For infrared spectrum

A

Silicone carbide

31
Q

Exclude unwanted or “stray light”

Before the monochromator

A

Entrance Slit

o Wavelength outside the band transmitted by the monochromator
o Does not originate from the light source
o Causes absorbance error

32
Q

Isolates specific/individual wavelength of light that is desired for measurement

In short, it selects and isolates desired wavelength that will strike the sample

A

Monochromator

33
Q
  • Based on constructive interference of waves
  • Simple, useful, least expensive but not precise
  • Passes a wide band of radiant energy (even the unwanted wavelengths can pass through)
A

Interference Filter

34
Q

Separates white light into a continuous
spectrum

It can be rotated allowing only the
desired wavelength to pass through/exit

A

Prism

Wed-shaped pieces of glass, quartz or
sodium chloride (NaCl)

35
Q

When light strikes, it separates light into component wavelengths

A

Diffraction gratings

36
Q

Better resolution than Prism

A

Diffraction gratings

37
Q

Most commonly used monochromator Made of cutting or parallel groups or slits and produce a widely dispersed
spectrum

A

Diffraction gratings

38
Q

Controls width of light beam or band pass

Allows only a fraction of light to reach the
sample

A

Exit slip

39
Q

Band pass is total range of wavelength transmitted

The narrower the band pass, the greater the resolution

A

Exit slip

40
Q

After the monochromator

A

Exit slip

41
Q

Aka Cuvette absorption cell or analytical cell
Holds the solution of which the absorption is to be measured

A

Sample Cell

42
Q

For visible range

A

Glass Cuvette

43
Q

For UV range

A

Quarts or Fused Silica

44
Q

Converts transmitted radiant energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy
Detects amount of light that passes through the sample

A

Photodetector

45
Q

-Simplest and least expensive
-Generates electromotive force (no
-external voltage)
-Relies on internal electron transfer
-Output is not amplified

A

Photocell (Barrier layer cell, selenide cell)