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Speech Science Final > Spectrogram Analysis > Flashcards

Spectrogram Analysis Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the characteristics of stops in a spectrogram?

A
  • Silent gap (voice bar)
  • Release burst
  • Voice onset time
  • Formant transition
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1
Q

When 2 articulators com together and momentarily stop the flow of air

Major sound source for these is not vocal fold vibration but PRESSURIZED AIR that is forced from the oral cavity

A

Stops

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2
Q

True or False

Voiceless sounds show real identifiable formant structures

A

False

Voiceless sounds show NO real identifiable formant structures

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3
Q

Describe silent gap

A

Reflects the time during which the articulators form the blockage and the pressure in the oral cavity is building up

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4
Q

Describe a voice bar

A

Indication that there is some vocal fold vibration during the pressure buildup caused by the closure of the articulators. Thus, it is not seen on voiceless stops.

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5
Q

This is the time between the release of the articulatory blockage and the beginning of vocal fold vibration for the following vowel.

A

Voice onset time

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6
Q

A vowel that changes its resonance characteristics during production.

A

Diphthongs

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7
Q

When tongue position changes midway through production it results in a _____ ______.

A

Formant transition

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8
Q

How do diphthongs appear spectrographically?

A

Have a steady state portion, followed by a formant transition and then another steady state portion.

They are fairly long in duration

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9
Q

These are sometimes classified as semi-vowels and are always voice with an airflow that is not completely smooth.

These are characterized by quick tongue movements that result in formant transitions that are more rapid than those of diphthongs

A

glides

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10
Q

How do glides appear spectrographically?

A

Appear as a formant transition and are normally short

DO NOT have a steady state portion like a diphthong

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11
Q

These are characterized by more steady state formants reflecting that the sounds are made without changes in tongue position

A

liquids

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12
Q

How do liquids appear spectrographically?

A

Have a steady state portion

Duration is comparable to glides

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13
Q

Produced by forcing air through a narrow channel of high pressure in the oral cavity. Produced when air that is pressurized become turbulent and results in random variations of air pressure. The resulting sound is a hissing like sound. By nature they are aperiodic

A

Fricatives

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14
Q

How are fricatives shown on a spectrogram?

A

They have a wideband of energy that is distributed over a wide range of frequencies - have high frequency values
The energy is present longer in duration than stops.
Is affected by placement of articulators.

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15
Q

These are a combination of stops and fricatives

A

affricates

16
Q

How do affricates appear on a spectrogram?

A

Silent gap followed by a fricative looking portion with high frequencies
More similar to fricatives but typically shorter

17
Q

True or False

Affricates are not typically noticeable in spectrograms in connected speech

A

True

18
Q

These are created as the sound wave resonates in the nasal cavity. When we lower the velum, we couple the nasal cavity to the rest of the vocal tract and this produces the different acoustic characteristics

A

Nasals

19
Q

How do nasals appear spectrographically?

A

Intense low frequencies
Intiresonances/Anti-Formants
Long in duration

20
Q

These filter the opposite of how the rest of the vocal tract system works. Due to the fact the nasal cavity is so absorbent

A

Antiresonance/Anti-Formants

21
Q

These are all voiced and produced in a relatively open vocal tract. The place of articulation differs by placement of tongue.

A

vowels

22
Q

What are the two ways tongue placement differs in vowel production?

A

Height of the tongue within the oral cavity (high or low)

Advancement of tongue within the oral cavity

23
Q

What is a formant?

A

Acoustic result of changing resonant frequencies

Measured at the output

24
Q

What is a harmonic?

A

A whole number multiple of the fundamental frequency

25
Q

True or False

The source filter theory changes frequency components and amplitude

A

False

The source filter theory does NOT change frequency components, it only changes the amplitude

26
Q

How are formant values changed in vowels?

A

By the movement of the tongue

The larger the volume of the cavity, the lower the frequency, and vice versa

27
Q

Which formants are related to which cavity?

A

F1 is related to the pharyngeal cavity and tongue height

F2 is related to the oral cavity and tongue advancement

Speech Science Final (4 decks)

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