Auditory Flashcards
What does proprioceptive feedback do?
Allows us to sense where we are in space and the velocity and direction of movement.
Allows for compensatory adaptations
What are the types of feedback available in speech?
- Tactile
- Proprioception
- Internal Feedback
- Auditory Feedback
How does internal feedback work?
Transfers information within the brain before the motor act occurs
What are the components of the outer ear?
Pinna (oracle)
External Auditory meatus
What does the outer ear do in hearing process?
Funnels sound towards the tympanic membrane and helps in localiztion.
DOES NOT change incoming signal muc
What are the parts of the middle ear?
- Tympanic membrane
- Ossicular chain
What is the function of the middle ear?
To increase amplitude of the soundwave as it comes through as we are moving from air filled to fluid filled space
IMPEDANCE MATCHING DEVICE
What are the components of the inner ear?
Cochlea which consists of scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani, and baslar membrane
Vestibular portion which consists of semicircular canals and vestibule
How does the ear work?
Sound enter outer ear as a pressure wave, vibrating the tympanic membrane.
Vibration of tympanic membrane sets ossicular chain in motion which causes the stapes to move in and out of the oval window.
As the stapes moves, traveling wave in fluid begins to move in the cochlea
When the wave reaches the highest amplitued, that frequency is where the soundwave is coded
The sound then travels from the cochlea to the auditory nerve, then to the brain stem, ending at the temporal lobe for decoding.
In the cochlea, which set of hair cells responds to high frequency? Which set responds to low frequency?
Outside hair cells respond to higher frequency
Inside hair cells respond to lower frequency
Based on auditory perception, these sounds are longer in duration, greater in amplitude, and the formants do NOT contribute equally to a listeners perception of the sound
vowels
For vowels, what happens when formants are close in frequency?
The listener perceives them as one unit, which is equivalent to an average of the two formant frequencies
These acoustic characteristics vary from person to person
What are the two theories proposed to explain how we are able to recognize vowels despite the differences in production from speaker to speaker?
It is not the specific value of the formant but rather the relationship each formant has to one another
Could be more the ratio value that allows us to perceive the vowels from one person to another
What cues outside of formant values do we use in auditory perception?
Duration Context Surrounding sounds in connected speech Rules of the language Knowledge of the speaker
