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CCHM LAB (2) > Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS IN
COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES:

A

Never remove syringe without removing the tourniquet first because it can cause hematoma

Avoid prolonged tourniquet because it can cause hemaconcentration

Blood specimen must obtain in the appropriate containers in each specific test

Blood specimen collected in anticoagulant must well mixed to prevent coagulation

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2
Q

are usually collected early in the morning but can
be collected throughout the day during scheduled “sweeps”
(collection times) on the floors or from outpatients.

A

Routine sample

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3
Q

means “as soon as possible.” The response time for
the collection of this test sample is determined by each hospital or
clinic and may vary by laboratory tests.

A

ASAP SAMPLES

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4
Q

sample is to be collected, analyzed, and results
reported immediately.

A

Stat samples

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5
Q

Types of
Sample

A

Fasting samples
Timed sample
Blood cultures

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6
Q

Collection priorities

A

Routine sample
Asap sample
Stat sample

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7
Q

Fasting samples other called

A

Non per orem

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8
Q

Non per orem means

A

Nothing by mouth

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9
Q

Fasting sample example

A

Fasting blood sugar
Lipid profile

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10
Q

Timed samples example

A

Glucose tolerance test
2 hour oral glucose tolerance test
Lactose tolerance test

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11
Q

has Plasma and formed elements
(unclotted)

A

Whole blood

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12
Q

Formed elements are

A

Rbc
Wbc
Platelets

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13
Q

Buffy coat has

A

Wbc
Platelets

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14
Q

Plasma contain such as

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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15
Q

Liquid portion of unclotted
blood

A

Plasma

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16
Q

Liquid portion With anticoagulant

A

Plasma

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17
Q

Liquid portion Without anticoagulant

A

Serum

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18
Q

Liquid portion of clotted blood

A

Serum

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19
Q

Serum contain such as

A

Albumin
Globulin

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20
Q

is collected directly into the
evacuated tube, eliminating the need for
transfer of specimens and minimizing the
risk of biohazard exposure

A

Blood

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21
Q

Blood is collected directly into the
evacuated tube, eliminating the need for
transfer of specimens and minimizing the
risk of biohazard exposure

A

Evacuated tube system

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22
Q

Evacuated tube system include

A

Double pointed needle
Needle holder
Color coded evacuated tube

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23
Q

refers to the diameter
of the needle bore.

A

Needle gauge

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24
Q

The smaller the gauge number the
___________the diameter of the needle.

A

Bigger

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25
Q

Needles should be visually examined
before use to determine if any
structural defects, such as

A

Nonbevel point
Bent shaft

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26
Q

made of rigid plastic and may be designed to act as a safety shield for
the used needle

A

Needle holder

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27
Q

To protect phlebotomists from
accidental needlesticks by
contaminated needles

A

Needle disposal system

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28
Q

Needle disposal system should be

A

Leak proof
Puncture resistant
Labeled biohazard
Easily sealed lock when full

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29
Q

also known as Vacutainers and are
available in glass and plastic

A

Evacuated tube

30
Q

Evacuated tube also known as

A

Vacutainers

31
Q

Contain a premeasured amount of vacuum
for blood collection

A

Evacuated tube

32
Q

The amount of blood collected in an
evacuated tube ranges from ______________
and is determined by the size of the tube
and the amount of vacuum present.

A

1.8 to 15 mL

33
Q

Order of draw

A

Blood cultures (yellow stopper tubes, culture bottles)

Light blue stopper tubes (sodium citrate)

Red/gray, gold stopper tubes (serum separator tubes), red stopper plastic tubes (clot
activator), and red stopper glass tubes

Green stopper tubes and light green (plasma separator tubes) (heparin)

Lavender stopper tubes (EDTA)

Gray stopper tubes (potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride)

Yellow/gray or orange stopper tubes (thrombin clot activator)

34
Q

For single draw

A

Syringe

35
Q

Syringe Routinely used for venipuncture range
from _____ to ______ mL

A

2 to 20 ml

36
Q

For drawing blood from patients with
small or fragile veins.

A

Syringe

37
Q

Parts of a
Syringe

A

Plunger
Barrel
Plain tip needle
Hub
Needle
Shaft
Lumen
Bevel

38
Q

for performing venipuncture from
very small or very fragile veins
often seen in children and in the
geriatric population

A

Winged blood collection set

39
Q

Has powdered and powder-free,
and latex and nonlatex

A

Gloves

40
Q

Example of nonlatex

A

Vinyl, nitrile, neoprene and polyethylene

41
Q

can be
worn under latex gloves for
persons that develop an
allergic dermatitis to gloves

A

Cotton gloves liners

42
Q

use high-intensity
LED lights that shine
through the patient’s
subcutaneous tissue

A

Venoscope II and neonatal transilluminator

43
Q

Cotton glove liners can be
worn under latex gloves for
persons that develop an
____________ to gloves

A

allergic dermatitis

44
Q

highlight the veins
by absorbing the
light rather than
reflecting it

A

Venoscope II & Neonatal
Transilluminator

45
Q

Requisition

A

Thru phone
Doctor’s requisition

46
Q

Checking Requisition forms

A
  • Patient’s name, age and gender
  • Patient’s date of birth
  • Patient’s location
  • Ordering health-care provider’s name
  • Tests requested
  • Requested date and time of sample collection
47
Q

Ideal time

A

Basal state

48
Q

Positioning the Patient

A

Supine
Sitting upright

49
Q

Position of the Phlebotomist

A

Standing position

50
Q

Tourniquet application -maximum amount of time

A

1 min

51
Q

The preferred site for venipuncture and is located anterior and below the bend of the elbow.

A

Antecubital fossa

52
Q

vein of choice because it is large and does not tend to move when the needle is inserted

A

Median cubital vein

53
Q

Usually more difficult to locate, except possibly in larger patient and has more tendencies to move

A

Cephalic cubital vein

54
Q

the least firmly anchored; has a tendency to “roll” and hematoma formation is more likely to occur.

A

Basilic vein

55
Q

3 major vein

A

Median
Cephalic
Basilic

56
Q

includes the cephalic, median
cubital, and basilic veins in a pattern
that looks like a slanted H.

A

H - shaped pattern

57
Q

Includes the cephalic, median
cephalic, median basilic, and basilic
veins.

A

M shaped pattern

58
Q

Areas to Be Avoided

A

• Damaged Vein
• Hematoma
• Edema
• Burns, Scars and Tattoos
• Mastectomy
• Obesity
• IV Therapy
• Heparin and Saline Locks
• Cannulas and Fistulas

59
Q

Angle needle

A

15-30 degree

60
Q

Labeling the tubes

A
  • Patient’s name and identification number
  • Age and Gender of the Patient
  • Date and time of collection
  • Phlebotomist’s initials
61
Q

Reasons for sample rejection:

A

• Unlabeled or mislabeled samples
• Inadequate volume
• Collection in the wrong tube
• Hemolysis
• Lipemia
• Clotted blood in an anticoagulant tube
• Improper handling during transport, such as not chilling the
sample
• Samples without a requisition form
• Contaminated sample containers
• Delays in processing the sample
• Use of outdated blood collection tubes

62
Q

Remedy: One minute application of tourniquet

A

localized hemaconcentration or Venous stasis

63
Q

Remedy: Let the patient lie down

A

Fainting or syncope

64
Q

Failure to obtain blood

A

Needle Position
Bevel Against the Wall of the Vein
Needle Too Deep/ Too Shallow
Collapsed Vein
Needle Beside the Vein
Faulty Evacuated Tube

65
Q

Formation of blood clots
inside the lumen of the vein due to trauma

A

Thrombosis in vein

66
Q

Inflammation of the vein due
to thrombus as manifested by an inflammatory
reaction on the outer skin surface

A

Thrombophlebitis

67
Q

Blue or black skin discoloration
commonly due to repeated trauma or puncture
of the veins

A

Hematomas

68
Q

Hematoma error

A

Failure to remove
the tourniquet
before removing the
needle

Applying inadequate
pressure to the site
after removal of the
needle

Bending the arm
while applying
pressure

Excessive probing to
obtain blood

Failure to insert the
needle far enough
into the vein

Inserting the needle
through the vein

Selecting a needle
too large for the
vein

Using veins that are
small and fragile

Accidentally
puncturing the
brachial artery

69
Q

Hemolysis: Errors

A

• Applying the tourniquet too close to the
puncture site or for too long
• Using fragile hand veins
• Performing venipuncture before the alcohol
is allowed to dry
• Collecting blood through different internal
diameters of catheter and connectors
• Partially filling sodium fluoride tubes
• Readjusting the needle in the vein

70
Q

Generally used for the determination of blood oxygen, carbon dioxide
tension and blood pH

A

Arterial puncture

71
Q

Blood collected is called in blood gas analysis

A

Arterial blood or oxygenated blood

CCHM LAB (2) (5 decks)

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