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CCHM LAB (2) > LIPID Determination > Flashcards

LIPID Determination Flashcards

1
Q

LABORATORY TEST FOR
LIPOPROTEIN AND LIPID DISORDER

A
  • The patient should remain on a regular diet for at least 3 weeks prior to the blood sample
    being taken.
  • There should be no significant weight gain or loss.
  • No consumption of alcohol for at least 2 days

-The sample must be collected after a fast of atleast 12 hour

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2
Q

Triglyceride Determination methods

A

Zilversmith and Van Handel

Enzymatic Method

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3
Q

Zilversmith and Van Handel
◦ 1st step: extract using organic
solvents like

A

Ether and alcohol

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4
Q

Reagent used 1st step in Zilversmith and Van Handel

A

Bloor’s reagent

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5
Q

What added in 2nd step in Zilversmith and Van Handel

A

KOH (potassium hydroxide)

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6
Q

In 3rd step what does it measure in Zilversmith and Van Handel

A

Glycerol

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7
Q

In 3rd step in zilversmith and van handel the Oxidize glycerol by periodate solution of

A

Formaldehyde

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8
Q

4th step in zilversmith and van handel the color reaction of formaldehyde is

A

Pink chromopore

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9
Q

Steps of zilversmith and van handel

A

Step 1: extracting using organic solvent
Step 2: add KOH
Step 3: measurement of glycerol
Step 4: color reaction of formaldehyde (pink chromopore)

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10
Q

It is a method Uses Lipase – no extraction needed

A

Enzymatic method

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11
Q

Triglyceride + 3 H2O → Glycerol + 3 F.A. What enzyme is used

A

Lipase

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12
Q

Glycerol + ATP → Glycerophosphate + ADP what enzyme used

A

Glycerokinase

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13
Q
  1. A) Glycerophosphate + O2 → Dihydroxyacetone + H2O2 what enzymes used
A

Glycerophosphate oxidase

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14
Q
  1. B) Glycerophosphate + NAD → Dihydroxyacetone + NADH + H
    what are the enzymes used
A

Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

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15
Q

NADH + Tetrazolium dye → Formazan + NAD what are the enzymes used

A

Diaphorase

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16
Q

ADP + Phosphoenol pyruvate →ATP + Pyruvate what enzymes is used

A

Pyvurate kinase

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17
Q

Pyruvate + NADH + H → Lactate + NAD
What enzymes is used

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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18
Q

DETERMINATION
OF PLASMA
TRIGLYCERIDES

A

Hydrolysis of triglyceride to form glycerol and free fatty acids

Measurement of glycerol present (either as glycerol or after conversion to another product)

Measure spectrophotometrically, fluorometrically or colorimetrically

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19
Q

Method used fluorometry

A

Hantzsch method

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20
Q

Hantzsch method end color

A

Yellow

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21
Q

Wavelength used in hantzsch method

A

400-485nm

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22
Q

ATP III Classification for TAG Values

A

Normal
Borderline high
High
Very high

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23
Q

Normal triglycerides result/reference value

A

<150mg/dl

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24
Q

Borderline high of triglyceride result/reference value

A

150-199mg/dl

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25
Q

High of triglycerides reference value/ result

A

200-499 mg/dl

26
Q

Very high of triglyceride result/reference value

A

> 500mg/dl

27
Q

Reference value of mild elevation

A

<250mg/dl or 2.8 mmol/L

28
Q

Reference value for hyperlipoproteinemia

A

250-500mg/dl or 2.8-5.7mmol/L

29
Q

Reference value of increase risk pancreatitis

A

> 500mg/dl or > 5.7mmol/L

30
Q

Clinical significance triglycerides increase

A

◦ Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, IIb, III and
IV and V
◦ Alcoholism
◦ Nephrotic Syndrome
◦ Hypothyroidism
◦ Pancreatitis

31
Q

Clinical significance triglycerides decrease

A

◦ Malabsorption Syndrome
◦ Hyperthyroidism
◦ Malnutrition
◦ Brain Infarction

32
Q

DETERMINATION
OF Total
Cholesterol

A

Enzymatic method

33
Q

Faster to perform determination of cholesterol

A

Enzymatic method

34
Q

Use less corrosive chemicals while determining cholesterol

A

Enzymatic method

35
Q

To diminish the problems associated
with esters and other sterols

A

Enzymatic method

36
Q

Hydrolysis of cholesterol e

A

Enzymatic method

37
Q

PRINCIPLE of determination cholesterol

A

◦ Hydrolysis; Cholesterol esters - cholesterol
esterase – cholesterol + fatty acics
◦ Oxidation: Cholesterol + O2 cholesterol
oxidase – cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2
◦ 2 H2O2 + 4-aminophenazone – peroxidase –
quinoneimine dye
◦ Measure absorbance at 500 nm

38
Q

Reference value of cholesterol

A

125mg/dl or 3.2 mmol/L

39
Q

Conversion of cholesterol mg/dl to mmol/l

40
Q

CHEMICAL
METHODS

A

Lieberman-burchard (L-B) procedure
Salkowski reaction

41
Q

one step direct method
(simplest approach)

A

Lieberman-burchard procedure

42
Q

Measurement/wavelength of lieberman-burchard procedure

43
Q

Lieberman- burchard Other serum constituents such
as

A

Hemoglobin and bilirubin

44
Q

End product of salkowski reaction

A

Cholestadienyldisulfonic acid

45
Q

End color of salkowski reaction

46
Q

Abell- Kendall Method has 3 method step

A

Saponification
Extraction
Colorimetry

47
Q

Precipitation of cholesterol esters after
extractiuon separate esterified from
free cholesterol, permitting
measurement of only the free fraction

A

Abell-kendall method

48
Q

Methods for
total
cholesterol
determination

A

Bloor’s method
Abell-kendall method
Enzymatic method

49
Q

2 enzymes involved cholesterol determination

A

Cholesterol esterase
Cholesterol oxidase

50
Q

Enzymes that converts esterified
cholesterol into free cholesterol

A

Cholesterol esterase

51
Q

Enzymes that oxidize into H2O2

A

Cholesterol oxidase

52
Q

Enzymes that oxidize into H2O2

A

Cholesterol oxidase

53
Q

Abell, Levy and
Brodie Method

A

CDC Reference Method
Hydrolysis → Alcoholic KOH
Extraction → Hexane
Leibermann-Burchard Reaction
Current Reference Method – GC-MS

54
Q

Interference competes with oxidation or
reacts with peroxide

55
Q

Linearity of cholesterol interference

A

600-700 mg/dl

56
Q

Interference specimen for bilirubin

A

Icteric and lipemic specimen

57
Q

Icteric and lipemic specimen – bilirubin
absorbs light at ______ nm

58
Q

falsely increased cholesterol

59
Q

Summary of Clinical Significance increases cholesterol

A

◦ Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, III and IV
◦ Biliary Cirrhosis
◦ Alcoholism
◦ Nephrotic Syndrome
◦ Primary Hypothyroidism
◦ DM – poorly controlled

60
Q

Summary of Clinical Significance decreased cholesterol

A

◦ Severe hepatocellular disease
◦ Malabsorption Syndrome
◦ Hyperthyroidism
◦ Malnutrition
◦ Severe Burns

61
Q

Conversion factor of cholesterol mmol/L in LDL

62
Q

Conversion factor of triglyceride mmol/L in LDL

CCHM LAB (2) (5 decks)

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