Specific tumours part 2 Flashcards
Mammary tumours are reduced by neutering - true or false?
True - only if before 2nd season!!
Mammary tumours are 50% benign in dogs (middle-aged), 50% malignant (older dogs). What breeds are predisposed?
Dachshund Chihuahua Poodle Maltese Yorkie Cocker
What cat breed is predisposed to mammary tumours?
Siamese
When considering surgery for a mammary tumour, how much mammary tissue should be removed?
Low risk tumour - single mammary gland
Higher risk - mammary strip
Consider bilateral - likely to get another
What tumour is often mistaken for mastitis in dogs? What is the prognosis?
Canine inflammatory carcinoma
Poor - very painful, cannot excise –> palliative
Are feline mammary tumours malignant or benign? What is the treatment for feline mammary tumours?
Majority malignant
Treatment: mammary strip +/- LN removal
Chemo: doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide
What chemotherapy is given to cats and dogs with mammary gland tumours?
Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide
(5-FU - dogs only)
What 2 breeds are predisposed to a MCT?
Boxer
Boston terrier
Which two oral drugs are licensed for MCT in dogs?
Toceranib
Masitinib
Apart from toceranib and masitinib, what other drugs can be given for MCT chemo?
Lomustine
Vinblastine
Prednisolone
How do MCTs spread? (route)
Lymphatic
What are the 3 Patnaik grades for canine MCTs?
Grade I - well differentiated, benign behaviour
Grade II - variable metastasis, cause of death in 50% patients
Grade III - highly metastatic, likely cause of death
What is the Kiupel grading system for canine MCTs?
Low grade - MST >2 yrs
High grade - MST <4 months
Do cats get MCTs?
Yes - cutaneous form (alopecic)
Or in spleen/intestine
Which tumour has a vaccine available?
Melanoma - canine immunotherapy vaccine
What breeds are predisposed to oral malignant melanomas?
Golden Retriever
Cocker
Mini Poodle
Chow Chow
What is the treatment for oral malignant melanomas?
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Immunotherapy vaccine (for stages II and III)
Multiple myeloma is cancer of which cells? What does this lead to an overproduction of?
Plasma cells
Overproduction of IgA or IgG
In multiple myeloma, the hyperproteinaemia may lead to hyperviscosity syndrome. What are the symptoms of this?
Neuro signs
Retinal detachment
CHF
What drugs can be used for multiple myeloma treatment?
Steroids
Melphalan
(also surgery)
In dogs, multiple myelomas can be diagnosed if how many of the following criteria is met? Monoclonal gammopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, etc
2
What on biochemistry may be a negative prognostic factor for osteosarcomas?
High ALP (suggests lots of bone remodelling)
Treatment options for appendicular OSA includes surgery (amputation), radiotherapy, bone fixation and chemo. What biphosphonate drug can be used?
Pamidronate
With oral OSAs, is prognosis better with mandibular or maxillary?
Mandibular
Die from mets rather than recurrence
What route do soft tissue sarcomas usually spread?
Haematogenous
SCCs are highly malignant and are often stage N by diagnosis. How do the lesions present?
Ulcerated
Feline SCC are most common in which location and what age cats?
Oral (tongue base)
Middle-older cats
What is the treatment and prognosis for feline SCCs?
Surgery or palliative
Poor Px
Oral SCCs in dogs have a low metastatic rate and are treated with surgery or radiotherapy. What drugs can be used if other therapies aren’t possible?
Piroxicam
Carboplatin
Tonsillar SCCs have a high metastatic rate and are treated with surgery or chemo. What drugs are used if other therapies aren’t possible?
Mitoxantrone
Carboplatin
TCCs are common in the trigone of the bladder. Name another predilection site
Urethra
Prostate in males
Why may an animal with TCC present lame?
Bony metastases
How can TCCs be treated?
Radiotherapy
Medication - mitoxantrone
(Surgery rarely possible)
How are TCCs diagnosed?
Tissue biopsy via cystoscopy
NOT FNA
Transmissible venereal tumours are not in the UK, but are very responsive to which chemo drug?
Vincristine
